Definitions of homelessness in developing countries

Homeless in Observatory, Cape Town Through the Lens of Max-Neef's Fundamental Human Needs Taxonomy

“…The UNCHS classifies the homeless as people who are roofless, houseless, have insecure accommodation, and inferior or substandard housing. To complicate matters, Sanchez (2010) and Tipple and Speak (2005) further state that the individuals also have their own subjective idea of what homelessness is and where "home" might be.…”

“…The UNCHS (2000), Tipple and Speak (2005) and Cross et al (2010) further point out that it is very difficult to research, address and eliminate homelessness because of the complexity of the reasons for becoming and being homeless. Reasons could include long-standing poverty, unemployment, difficult family life, little or no schooling, substance use/abuse, and health and mental health problems, which prevent them from moving out of poverty and off the streets (UNCHS 2000; Cross et al, 2010;Makiwane, Tsiliso & Schneider, 2010;Olufemi, 2010;Sanchez, 2010;Seager & Tamasane, 2010).…”

“…Reasons could include long-standing poverty, unemployment, difficult family life, little or no schooling, substance use/abuse, and health and mental health problems, which prevent them from moving out of poverty and off the streets (UNCHS 2000; Cross et al, 2010;Makiwane, Tsiliso & Schneider, 2010;Olufemi, 2010;Sanchez, 2010;Seager & Tamasane, 2010). Tipple and Speak (2005) refer to the fact that the concept "home" embodies ideas such as comfort, belonging, identity and security. Homelessness then refers to coldness, indifference, stress, alienation and instability.…”

Nezadostno število in neustrezna kakovost stanovanj v Gani

“…Poleg tega mora biti zagotovljena tudi fizična varnost stanovalcev« (Urad visokega predstavnika za človekove pravice, 1991). Ta okvir pa izključuje več vidikov neustrezne kakovosti stanovanj (Tipple in Speak, 2005. V članku se obravnavajo »slabo vzdrževana stanovanja«, pri čemer ta opis ne ustreza nobeni mednarodno uveljavljeni kategoriji.…”

Modelo de atitudes face aos sem-abrigo em Portugal

“…As definições oficiais de sem-abrigo tendem a basear-se em critérios de estilo de vida da pessoa, localização (onde permanecem), permanência de ocupação da habitação ou segurança da posse da habitação, qualidade da habitação e requisitos para apoios sociais; mas o uso de diferentes critérios em cada definição gera diferentes perspectivas sobre a situação de sem-abrigo, e afecta as políticas adoptadas para lidar com o problema (Tipple & Speak, 2005).…”