Definitions of sex and intimacy among gender and sexual minoritised groups in urban India

Bowling, Jessamyn; Blekfeld-Sztraky, Donna; Simmons, Megan; Dodge, Brian; Sundarraman, Vikram; Lakshmi, Brindaa; Dharuman, Siva D; Herbenick, Debby

doi:10.1080/13691058.2019.1614670

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…25 28 36 69 71 74 ► Impacts of stigma on sexuality and sexual health. 63 ► Stigma and discrimination in employment and educational settings. 25 27 35 60 68 71 Continued Box 1 Continued ► Family rejection.…”

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59 South Asia Four studies from India included a chart review with 18 trans men, a grey report on a survey including 27 trans men, a book on a qualitative study including 28 transmasculine persons, and a qualitative study with about 10 participants who we coded as transmasculine. [62][63][64][65] Study participants were almost exclusively urban dwelling and young on average (eg, mean ages of [23][24][25]. The chart review reported on surgical history and family support 64 while the grey literature survey described social determinants of health including gender-congruent identity documents, access to sanitation and pressure to marry.…”

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65 In a qualitative study describing meanings of sex and intimacy among Indian sexual and gender minorities, no participants self-identified as trans men, but rather were presumably assigned female at birth and identified as non-binary, genderqueer or genderfluid. 63 These participants reflected on diverse interpretations of 'sex' and the impacts of stigma and trauma on sexuality. In another qualitative study of queer people assigned female at birth, 10 participants identified as men and 18 expressed identities outside the gender binary.…”

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review

et al. 2020

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IntroductionDespite the rapid growth of research on transgender (trans) health globally, the extent of research on trans men and other transmasculine persons assigned the female sex at birth remains unclear. We, therefore, conducted a scoping review on trans men’s health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).MethodsThe review included peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts, and grey literature published from 1 January 1999 to 5 July 2019 in English, French, Hindi or Spanish and reporting original quantitative and/or qualitative data on the health of trans men or transmasculine persons living in LMIC. Studies were excluded if they did not disaggregate data for trans men or if they only described surgical techniques or laboratory values.ResultsWe included 53 studies (42 peer-reviewed and 11 grey literature) from 19 LMIC. Most were conducted in higher-middle-income countries (n=12) and in Latin America (n=16, 30.2%), the Middle East (n=14, 26.4%) or Sub-Saharan Africa (n=12, 22.6%) and published in 2014 or later (n=44, 83.0%). Approximately half of studies used quantitative methods (52.8%, n=28), of which 64.3% (n=18) had fewer than 50 participants and 14.2% (n=4) had over 150. Across study designs, social determinants of health and gender-affirming care were the most commonly represented domains (49.1% and 47.1% of studies respectively), with common themes including gender-based violence, coercion and discrimination as well as unprescribed hormone use. Other domains represented included mental health (32.1%), sexual and reproductive health (24.5%), general healthcare access (18.9%), physical health (9.4%) and substance use (9.4%).ConclusionGreater inclusion and disaggregation of trans men and transmasculine persons in global health research is needed to support sex- and gender-based analyses of trans health. Community-based research approaches and theoretically driven research may help to increase the relevance and rigour of such research. Funders should invest in research on trans men’s health in LMIC.

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Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review

et al. 2020

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“…Seven studies (4%) focused on sexual minority women [194][195][196][197][198][199][200], while two additional studies [201,202] included sexual minority women as part of a larger sample. Among the seven studies, most focused on romantic relationships, such as communication and prioritization in relationships [199], difficulties in maintaining relationships [196], understanding in intimate relationships [197,198] and lack of legal recognition of same-gender romantic partnerships [198].…”

Section: Sexual Minority Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solomon et al [30] 2010 721 X X X Ghosh et al [31] 2011 32 X X X Sahastrabuddhe et al [32] 2012 84 X X X Ghosh et al [33] 2012 26 X X X Solomon et al [34] 2015 12,022 X X X Mayer et al [35] 2015 307 X X X Hernandez et al [36] 2016 300 X X X Aggarwal et al [37] 2016 52 X X X Solomon et al [38] 2016 12,022 X X X Raghavendran et al [39] 2017 300 X X X Hussain et al [40] 2018 277 X X X Gupte et al [41] 2011 2,633 X X X X Clipman et al [42] 2020 4,994 X X X Haldar et al [43] 2020 2,584 X X X Hernandez et al [44] 2021 302 X X X Palakkal et al [45] 2020 560 X X X Prabhu et al [46] 2021 1,639 X X X Patel et al [47] 2021 20,002 [192] 2020 --X X X Chakrapani et al [193] 2021 360 X X X Bowling et al [194] 2018 67 X X Apoorva et al [195] 2016 8 X X Chithrangathan [196] 2018 1 X X Banerjea [197] 2015 8 X X Bowling et al [198] 2016 20 X X Bowling et al [199] 2018 18 X X Srivastava [200] 2020 25 X X Bowling et al [201] 2019 58 X X X X Bowling et al [202] 2019 33 X X X X Chakrapani et al [203] 2021 27 X X Majumder et al [204] 2021 120 X X X Das [205] 2020 29 X X Joseph et al [206] 2017 205 X X Note: Terminologies for focal populations are derived from original sources, with indigenous sexual and gender identities in italics. GBMSM = Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men; TGW = Transgender women; LBWSW = Lesbian, bisexual, and other women who have sex with women; TGM = Transgender men; Ppl with intersex var.…”

Section: Quantitativementioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people's health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.

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Sex, support and society: a journey to reclaiming sexuality for individuals living with paraplegia in Cape Town, South Africa

et al. 2020

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Definitions of sex and intimacy among gender and sexual minoritised groups in urban India

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Health of transgender men in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Sex, support and society: a journey to reclaiming sexuality for individuals living with paraplegia in Cape Town, South Africa

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