Deflagration Phenomena in Energetic Materials: An Overview

Jackson, Steve

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-87953-4_5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The helium outgassing from each presumably homogenous and isotropic sample was assumed to be axisymmetric. This allows equation (2) to be simplified into equation (8) in radial coordinates, where r is the radial direction and z the axial direction.…”

Section: Dynamic Pycnometry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that the reaction rate is dependent on the gas generated by the decomposing sample [6]. It is well-known that the reaction rate of a deflagrating explosive is pressure dependent [8]: the increased pressure compresses the location of exothermic gas-phase reactions closer to the surface of the un-consumed solid material, thereby increasing heat transferred to the unreacted material. Furthermore, TATB's autocatalytic thermal decomposition [6] serves as a mechanism by which increased pressure serves to elevate the solid-state chemistry of the material, in the absence of flame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Transport in the Insensitive High Explosive PBX 9502

Englert‐Erickson

Holmes

Parker

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Small-scale laboratory experiments were performed to analyze gas transport mechanics in PBX 9502, an insensitive high explosive (IHE) composition. Two independent investigations are reported here. First, gas permeametry and dynamic pycnometry techniques were used to measure the molecular flow (Knudsen) coefficient and the internally interconnected void fraction of pristine and thermally damaged samples in two uniaxial pressing orientations. The permeability of PBX 9502 was found to be unmeasurably low (of the same order of magnitude as PTFE) with gas transport being diffusion-dominated. Secondly, a pressure vessel experiment was developed to measure quasi-static and dynamic gas generation as the explosive was heated to self-ignition (cookoff). The gas generation results and the permeability/diffusivity findings provide evidence that PBX 9502 remains impermeable until seconds prior to self-ignition. At ignition, internal void-pressure drives macro-scale cracking and the sample becomes uniformly incorporated in the following deconsolidating deflagration. These results are discussed within the context of previous observations of pressure-dependent cookoff behavior of PBX 9502 and provide a more complete description of thermal damage evolution in this explosive composition.

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Section: Dynamic Pycnometry Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Transport in the Insensitive High Explosive PBX 9502

Englert‐Erickson

Holmes

Parker

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is well established that pyrotechnics may be characterized by a steady conductive burn where heat conduction dominates the energy transfer between unreacted and reacted materials [13]. In this case, the surface regression rate r depends on the condensed phase density, burning surface area and pressure, and can be empirically correlated with Vieille's equation, r = B P n , where B and n are fitted to closed bomb and/or strand burner data over specified ranges [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing pyrotechnic igniter output with high-speed schlieren imaging

Hargather

Cooper

2016

Shock Waves

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Small-scale pyrotechnic igniter output has been characterized using a high-speed schlieren imaging system for observing critical features of the post-combustion flow. The diagnostic, with laser illumination, was successfully applied towards the quantitative characterization of the output from Ti/KClO 4 and TiH 1.65 /KClO 4 pyrotechnic igniters. The high-speed image sequences showed shock motion, burned gas expansion, and particle motion. A statistical-based analysis methodology for tracking the fullfield shock motion enabled straightforward comparisons across the experimental parameters of pyrotechnic material and initial density. This characterization of the mechanical energy of the shock front within the post-combustion environment is a necessary addition to the large body of literature focused on pyrotechnic combustion behavior within the powder bed. Ultimately, understanding the role that the combustion behavior has on the resulting multiphase environment is required for tailored igniter development and comparative performance assessments.

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The burning regimes and conductive burn rates of titanium subhydride potassium perchlorate (TiH1.65/KClO4) in hybrid closed bomb-strand burner experiments

Cooper

Oliver

2013

Combustion and Flame

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Deflagration Phenomena in Energetic Materials: An Overview

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Gas Transport in the Insensitive High Explosive PBX 9502

Gas Transport in the Insensitive High Explosive PBX 9502

Characterizing pyrotechnic igniter output with high-speed schlieren imaging

The burning regimes and conductive burn rates of titanium subhydride potassium perchlorate (TiH1.65/KClO4) in hybrid closed bomb-strand burner experiments

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