Deforestation and Brazil's Indigenous population

Carino, Giselle; Diniz, Débora

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32620-0

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, in addition to the Indigenous socialization outside their lands, especially in the Southeast region, they have contact with health professionals and other individuals as loggers, miners, and squatters, who often trespass on the Indigenous lands and have taken advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic to optimize their profiteering in areas previously preserved and destined to Indigenous people by law. Despite the social struggles to minimize the devastation of the forest and reduce the proliferation of infectious diseases [ 12 , 13 ], the current Brazilian political scenario did not create a protective environment and deforestation has increased exponentially [ 14 ]. As described by Ferrante and Fearnside (2020), the Indigenous community should be considered as a risk group, especially if considering the impact that other pandemics have had on this population, forcing the governmental actions as to highlight the isolation and protectionism position [ 15 ].…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil

Palamim

Ortega

Marson

2020

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Brazil has 896,917 Indigenous individuals distributed among 505 Indigenous lands. There are 274 different Indigenous languages within 305 Indigenous ethnic groups. The Indigenous population is susceptible to pandemics, especially to the current pandemic of COVID-19, which has spread rapidly. In Brazil, after the first COVID-19-confirmed Indigenous case on 05th June 2020, more 420 suspected cases, 1727 confirmed cases being 934 active cases, 715 cases with clinical cure, and 70 cases of death were accounted through the first week of June. The number of cases is underestimated, according to the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (SESAI) database, since the deaths are due to respiratory failure, possibly caused by COVID-19, but not confirmed. The first COVID-19-caused death was a 15-year-old Indigenous Yanomami teenage from Roraima State without known previous diseases history and/or comorbidities. In the present study, the importance of social isolation, especially for Indigenous people who are more vulnerable to the COVID-19, was highlighted by the identification of the infection community. An Indigenous of the Kokama ethnicity was infected after coming in contact with a Medical Doctor who was infected with the disease. Later, it was noticed that both, Indigenous and doctor, were responsible for COVID-19's transmission to 43 other Indigenous individuals (30 in Alto Rio Solimões and 13 in Parintis), causing possibly other confirmed deaths. The impact of COVID-19 for Indigenous population might be an unprecedented tragedy, and the government in Brazil must take emergency measures as the social isolation.

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Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil

Palamim

Ortega

Marson

2020

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…According to a recent editorial published in The Lancet journal, "Bolsonaro's presidency represents the most serious threat to Brazil's Indigenous population since the 1988 Constitution granted Indigenous people the right to exclusive use of their land" (The Lancet 2019). For anthropologists Carino andDiniz (2019, 2241),…”

Section: Final Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Profiles of Indigenous Households in Brazil: Results of the First National Survey of Indigenous Peoples’ Health and Nutrition

Welch

Ferreira

Souza

et al. 2020

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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The objective of the present study was to characterize the food profiles in Indigenous households participating in the First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition in Brazil. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to estimate distances between regions and foods from three sources (local Indigenous production, purchased, and external donation), in addition to "not consumed." The combined distribution of the first two dimensions revealed three distinct profiles of food acquisition. Observed proximities between geopolitical regions and distinct modes of food acquisition speak to regional contrasts in food sovereignty among the Indigenous population that are closely linked to historical occupation and economic expansion in the country. Considering the concept of food sovereignty as involving rights to dietary autonomy, healthy diets, and resource management, our data suggest Brazil's North region is the closest of the four regions analyzed to these goals. Food sovereignty in the Northeast and South/ Southeast regions is reduced due to greater monetarization and proximity to market economy resources. The advance of agribusiness in the Amazon has been a hallmark of the Brazilian government's current environmental policy, directly threatening the survival of Indigenous peoples living in that region.

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“…However, their proximity with other ethnic groups was one of the factors that favored the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, and the first case of infection was associated to the contact with an infected medical doctor [5]. At the same time, wood exploration, deforestation of environmental preservation areas, and illegal mining increased the risk of these native people to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 and to get other infectious diseases [5][6][7]. Also, despite the Indigenous peoples having constitutional rights, in practice they are not applicable, contrariwise, they are often violated by the Brazilian government through the adoption of antienvironmental measures that resulted in the highest rates of burning in the Amazon forest in the last 20 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population

Mendes

Pereira

Lima

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several neglected populations such as the Indigenous peoples, which have suffered a high impact from the pandemic. Objectives To analyze the impact on the health and disease process according to the COVID-19 evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. Methods Data was collected from press releases by the Health Ministry and a descriptive analysis of the numbers of Indigenous individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil was carried out. Results In February 2021, there were 41,855 confirmed cases of Indigenous individuals infected by the SARS-CoV-2, including 4,387 active cases, 36,809 recovered cases, and 549 deaths. The Brazilian Indigenous population is distributed in over 300 ethnic groups and, due to the high number of deaths by the COVID-19, many of these groups are endangered. The elderly are the most affected age group, and they play a fundamental role among the Indigenous population for transmitting their customs mainly orally. Indigenous populations do not have proper access to transport to specialized health centers, since many areas are inaccessible and other cases require air or river transportation, which many times results in late assistance. When managing the COVID-19, it is important to emphasize the need for social isolation to prevent the virus from spreading among the Indigenous groups, mainly due to their contact with other ethnic groups represented by missionaries, hunters, and wood explorers, among others. Conclusion The adoption of practices that can reduce the virus transmission among the Indigenous population and provide them with better access to treatment, mainly for the elderly, must be prioritized in Brazil.

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Deforestation and Brazil's Indigenous population

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil

COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil

Food Profiles of Indigenous Households in Brazil: Results of the First National Survey of Indigenous Peoples’ Health and Nutrition

COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population

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