Deforestation drivers in the Brazilian Amazon: assessing new spatial predictors

Santos, Alex Mota dos; Silva, Carlos Fabrício Assunção da; Almeida, Pedro Monteiro de; Rudke, Anderson Paulo; Melo, Silas Nogueira de

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113020

Cited by 51 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It is important to confirm this information as the presence of a red brocket deer species is known in the area and the region is a refuge for large populations of various mammals, especially deer ( Tomas et al, 2010 ). Finally, the local reality in the southern range of the Amazon where the species was found is of severe deforestation ( Santos et al, 2021 ) and is the most worrying region for M. rufa decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revalidation of Mazama rufa (Illiger 1815) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) as a Distinct Species out of the Complex Mazama americana (Erxleben 1777)

et al. 2021

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The red brocket deer Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777 is considered a polyphyletic complex of cryptic species with wide chromosomal divergence. Evidence indicates that the observed chromosomal divergences result in reproductive isolation. The description of a neotype for M. americana allowed its genetic characterization and represented a comparative basis to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties of the group. Thus, we designated a neotype for the synonym Mazama rufa Illiger, 1815 and tested its recognition as a distinct species from the M. americana complex with the analysis of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data. We also evaluated its distribution by sampling fecal DNA in the wild. Morphological data from craniometry and body biometry indicated an overlap of quantitative measurements between M. rufa and the entire M. americana complex. The phylogenetic hypothesis obtained through mtDNA confirmed the reciprocal monophyly relationship between M. americana and M. rufa, and both were identified as distinct molecular operational taxonomic units by the General Mixed Yule Coalescent species delimitation analysis. Finally, classic cytogenetic data and fluorescence in situ hybridization with whole chromosome painting probes showed M. rufa with a karyotype of 2n = 52, FN = 56. Comparative analysis indicate that at least fifteen rearrangements separate M. rufa and M. americana (sensu stricto) karyotypes, which confirmed their substantial chromosomal divergence. This divergence should represent an important reproductive barrier and allow its characterization as a distinct and valid species. Genetic analysis of fecal samples demonstrated a wide distribution of M. rufa in the South American continent through the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and south region of Amazon. Thus, we conclude for the revalidation of M. rufa as a distinct species under the concept of biological isolation, with its karyotype as the main diagnostic character. The present work serves as a basis for the taxonomic review of the M. americana complex, which should be mainly based on cytogenetic characterization and directed towards a better sampling of the Amazon region, the evaluation of available names in the species synonymy and a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revalidation of Mazama rufa (Illiger 1815) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) as a Distinct Species out of the Complex Mazama americana (Erxleben 1777)

et al. 2021

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“…As we have noted earlier, cattle raising is a source of tension between seringueiros and environmental managers in the CIER, and a matter of contention and debate with regard to the conservation, development and future of ERs [20,22,66]. The aversion to cattle by environmental managers and environmentalists is understandable given cattle's emblematic role in Brazil's post-1960s aggressive modernization program and State-sponsored colonisation of the Amazon [67], as well as its ongoing and increasing contribution to deforestation [68]. Large-scale conversion of forest to pasture and the associated displacement and violence towards seringueiros in the 1970s and 1980s fuelled social resistance to largescale cattle ranching, unifying and mobilising seringueiros and consolidating their presence as a regional political force [29].…”

Section: Re-assessing the Role Of Cattle In The Cier And In Extractiv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests, Fields, and Pastures: Unequal Access to Brazil Nuts and Livelihood Strategies in an Extractive Reserve, Brazilian Amazon

Ubiali

Alexiades

2022

Land

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This article examines access to an economically important forest product (Brazil nuts) and its relationship with livelihood strategies in the Cazumbá–Iracema Extractive Reserve (CIER), Acre, Brazil. The objective is twofold: (i) to clarify how social mechanisms regulating access to Brazil nuts operate and (ii) to analyse the relationship between differential access to Brazil nuts and livelihood diversification in terms of cash income. For this, we conducted 55 semi-structured interviews with household heads in three rubber tapper (seringueiro) communities. Our findings indicate that Brazil nuts are important to seringueiro livelihoods, although both access to Brazil nuts and livelihood strategies are highly variable between households and communities. Limited access to Brazil nuts is partly overcome through informal arrangements and investment in wage labour, swidden agriculture, and cattle raising, as part of highly diversified livelihood portfolios. However, restrictions to agriculture and cattle raising generate considerable tensions between many seringueiros and environmental managers. We highlight the importance of viewing livelihood diversification and adaptability as important components of the long-term viability of the extractive reserve model, particularly in the context of the growing uncertainties and risks associated with accelerating climate and socio-environmental change as well as amidst ongoing political dynamics in Brazil.

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“…El grado de deforestación en la Amazonía en Brasil, se ha convertido en una amenaza de tal dimensión para el equilibrio del ecosistema y su megabiodiversidad, problemática ampliamente registrada en varios estudios [1][2][3]19,26]. Según el PRODES-Amazônia [42], los datos de intervención antrópica (deforestación seguida por quema) abarcaron en el 2019, para el Estado de Pará-Brasil, 271862.57 km 2 , Mato Grosso 218741.90 km 2 , Maranhão 106510.04 km 2 , Rondônia 94767.13 km 2 , Amazonas 41895.57 km 2 , Tocantins 30663.63 km 2 , Acre 24033.01 km 2 , Roraima 11311.12 km 2 y Amapá 3112.88 km 2 [42].…”

Section: La Amazonía Brasileñaunclassified

“…Amazonia, también el bioma más grande de Brasil, ocupando un área de 4.196.943 millones de km 2 o 419.694.300 ha [17], más de 40% del territorio brasileño, con 2500 especies de árboles (o una tercera parte de toda la madera tropical en el mundo) y 30000 especies de plantas (de 100000 en América del Sur), se encuentra en riesgo inminente [18]. Una realidad que no es tan diferente en la mayoría de los demás países que comparten con Brasil, la foresta amazónica en Sur América, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Guyana Francesa, Perú, Surinam y Venezuela [19].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Contradicciones de la Amazonía en el Brasil: Una nueva perspectiva

Caetano

Nunes²

2021

Magna Sci. UCEVA

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La foresta amazónica se destaca por ser uno de los más importantes componentes de la biosfera, fundamental para afrontar los cambios climáticos, debido a que se caracteriza por albergar una megadiversidad biológica, étnica y cultural, que sufre en la actualidad una intensa presión. Tal presión, puede ser caracterizada como sigue: i) la deforestación creciente, con la tala ilegal de árboles nativas y las quemas, con consecuentes cambios en el uso del suelo tropical; por lo general, indebidamente manejado con implementación de monocultivos y técnicas inadecuadas para estos tipos de suelos; ii) la invasión a tierras indígenas y áreas de unidades de conservación, poniendo en riesgo el patrimonio sociocultural y la sociobiodiversidad; además, compromete también el patrimonio genético, del cual, un número expresivo de especies no son todavía conocidos y que podrían contrarrestar adversidades relacionadas con el cambio climático. Bajo esta perspectiva, la presente reflexión busca traer a la luz, algunos puntos vinculados con las diferentes problemáticas que tienen como escenario la Amazonia brasileña. Más que reflexionar, se trata de hacer un llamado hacia una nueva mirada de esta región amazónica, en caso contrario, se puede estar asistiendo a una masacre de pueblos originarios, de conocimientos tradicionales y de recursos genéticos.

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Deforestation drivers in the Brazilian Amazon: assessing new spatial predictors

Cited by 51 publications

References 47 publications

Revalidation of Mazama rufa (Illiger 1815) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) as a Distinct Species out of the Complex Mazama americana (Erxleben 1777)

Revalidation of Mazama rufa (Illiger 1815) (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) as a Distinct Species out of the Complex Mazama americana (Erxleben 1777)

Forests, Fields, and Pastures: Unequal Access to Brazil Nuts and Livelihood Strategies in an Extractive Reserve, Brazilian Amazon

Contradicciones de la Amazonía en el Brasil: Una nueva perspectiva

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