Deformable Biomechanics of DMEK Tissue Scrolls Traveling Through Narrow Lumens: The Inverse Relationships Between Fluid Velocity, Scroll Width, and Wall Contact and Their Clinical Implications for Preloading

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) scroll width and length in relation to variable velocities as the tissue transits through wide and narrow lumen glass tubes. Methods: Sets of DMEK tissue were processed using the Iowa Lions Eye Bank standard DMEK protocol and were passed through 2 glass tube widths at variable speeds. Two hourglass-shaped glass tubes were created, one “wide” and one “narrow.” A syringe pump, valve, and pressure gauge were used to modulate tissue speed through each tube. For both tube sizes, DMEK tissue was passed through their lumens with incrementally increasing velocity and visualized with a high-speed camera at frame rates from 1000 to 8000 fps. Scroll width and length were measured using IDT Motion Studio software and digital calipers. Results: There was a significant, indirect correlation between scroll velocity and width in both the wide (R2 = −0.98, P < 0.001) and narrow (R2 = −0.84, P < 0.001) tubes. There was a significant, direct correlation between scroll velocity and length in both the wide (R2 = 0.84, P < 0.001) and narrow (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001) tubes. The resting widths of the scrolls were 105% and 207% wider than the wide and narrow tubes, respectively. All transits recorded scroll widths that were equal to or smaller than their respective tube's internal diameter. Conclusions: There is a significant, inverse correlation between DMEK scroll velocity and width as well as a direct correlation between scroll velocity and length, allowing DMEK scrolls to transit through a tube that is narrower than its resting width without sustained lumen wall contact.