Deformable Ionic Polymer Artificial Mechanotransducer with an Interpenetrating Nanofibrillar Network

Kim, So Young; Kim, Yongchan; Cho, Changhyeon; Choi, Hyun-Woong; Park, Han Wool; Lee, Dayoon; Heo, Eunah; Park, Sangsik; Lee, Ho-Jin; Kim, Do Hwan

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b10499

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Roy et al fabricated BSC-based soft ECMAs 76 and used six actuator strips to design a robotic claw, grabbing and releasing a 55 mg object by applying an electrical voltage of 2.5 V. Moreover, Kim et al developed a soft gripper based on an ionic interpenetrating nanofibrillar network, which was capable of controlling a minute force effectively and might be of importance for intelligent surgical robots (Figure 12b). 48 The soft gripper was fabricated by using three pieces of ECMAs as the fingers that could discretely and quickly grab and put down the objects under the applied electrical voltage of 2 V. Moreover, this gripper yielded a minute blocking force controlled by the electrical voltage, which was useful for the sensitive and sophisticated applications in surgical robots. Significantly, they developed a ring-shaped tissue model as an object with an elasticity similar to human tissue.…”

Section: Soft Actuators Toward Smart Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Actuators Toward Smart Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Kim et al . also developed the application of the ECMAs in tactile fields . They designed ECMAs based on an ionic interpenetrating nanofibrillar network and used it to fabricate tactile arrays for soft haptic feedback, which depended on the change of displacement and blocking force of the ionic actuator arrays by applying electrical voltage with various frequencies (Figure e).…”

Section: Soft Actuators Toward Smart Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Dimensional Nanosheets-Based Soft Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Actuators: Recent Advances in Design, Construction, and Applications

Zhu

et al. 2021

ACS Nano

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Soft electro-chemo-mechanical actuators have received enormous interest in biomimetic technologies, wearable electronics, and microelectromechanical systems due to their low voltage-driven large deformation, fast response, high strain, and working durability. Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets, which can highly promote ion-induced micromotion to macrodeformation, have outstandingly been used as prime actuator electrodes because of their ordered microstructures, tunable interlayer spaces, controllable electrochemical activities, and excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Here, this review primarily focuses on the recent advances in key 2D electro-chemo-mechanical actuator electrodes, including graphene, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, molybdenum disulfide, black phosphorus, and graphdiyne. Various synthetic strategies of electrode design, such as microstructural architecture, active-site regulation, and channel construction, for achieving high ionic kinetic transport, charge storage, and electrochemical-mechanical performances are discussed. The advanced structures with diverse building principles that provide ordered and active ionic pathways for high actuation speed and strain are emphasized. Furthermore, the innovative applications of electro-chemo-mechanical actuators toward biomimetic robots and smart devices are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are also proposed. The aim of this review is to provide the guiding significance for scientific researchers and industrial engineers to design higher performance next-generation electro-chemomechanical actuators.

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Section: Soft Actuators Toward Smart Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Actuators Toward Smart Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soft Actuators Toward Smart Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Dimensional Nanosheets-Based Soft Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Actuators: Recent Advances in Design, Construction, and Applications

Zhu

et al. 2021

ACS Nano

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“…Water-soluble mixtures (Figure 1) of positively charged poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) and negatively charged polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) 1 have received great attention as a flexible, stretchable, conformable, lightweight, transparent, and low-cost organic (semi)conductor 2,3 and electrochemical transistor, 4−6 which can be used for applications such as organic LED, 7 solar cell, 8 thermoelectric generator, 9,10 selfpowered implantable sensor and actuator, 11,12 and artificial skin. 13 PEDOT:PSS has two types of electrostatically bound polymers of different lengths (Figure 1, bottom left), short PEDOT chains of 6−18 EDOT units (molar mass 1000−2500 g mol −1 ; red) and long PSS chains of up to 2200 SS units (molar mass <400 000 g mol −1 ; black).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid for PEDOT:PSS Treatment. Ion Binding Free Energy in Water Revealing the Importance of Anion Hydrophobicity

et al. 2021

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Water solubility of PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer is achieved by PSS at the expense of disturbing the crystallinity and electron mobility of PEDOT. Recently, PEDOT crystallinity and electron mobility have been improved by treating the PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium- (EMIM-) based ionic liquids (IL) EMIM:X. The amount of such improvement varies drastically with the anion X coupled to EMIM cation in the IL. Herein, using umbrella-sampling molecular dynamics simulations on the aqueous solutions of a minimal model of PEDOT:PSS mixed with various EMIM:X ILs, we show that the solvation of each ion in water plays a major role in the free energies of ion binding and exchange. Anions X efficient for the improvement are weakly stabilized by hydration (i.e., hydrophobic) and prefer binding to hydrophobic PEDOT than to hydrophilic EMIM, favoring the ion exchange. In order to fulfill our design principle, a quantitative criterion based on hydration free energy is proposed to select efficient hydrophobic anions X.

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Ion‐Conducting Non‐Flammable Liquid Crystal–Polymer Composites for High‐Frequency Soft Actuators

Liu

Cao

Yoshio

2023

Adv Funct Materials

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High‐frequency actuators are reported based on non‐flammable lithium‐ion conducting phosphate liquid crystal–polymer composite electrolytes, which exhibit a bending response at frequencies up to 80 Hz under an AC voltage of 2 V, owing to its high ionic conductivity reaching 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. An equimolar complex of a phosphate‐containing mesogenic molecule and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide through the ion‐dipole interactions induced a room‐temperature smectic A liquid‐crystalline (LC) phase forming 2D ion‐transport pathways comprising the 2D array of the phosphate moieties. A blend of 80 wt% LC electrolyte and 20 wt% polymers (poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)) formed a flexible, mechanically robust LC–polymer composite film. Scanning electron microscopy and white light interference microscopy revealed a microphase‐segregated structure consisting of a continuous LC phase and a porous polymer matrix. In addition, the continuity of porous structure across the film is confirmed by permeation experiments of solvents thorough the membrane with a homemade filter in a dead‐end filtration mode. The LC–polymer composite film sandwiched between two poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) electrodes is found to simultaneously exhibit high bending strain (0.63%) and high output force (0.35 mN), owing to the high ion migration into the composite electrolyte and electrode.

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Deformable Ionic Polymer Artificial Mechanotransducer with an Interpenetrating Nanofibrillar Network

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Two-Dimensional Nanosheets-Based Soft Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Actuators: Recent Advances in Design, Construction, and Applications

Two-Dimensional Nanosheets-Based Soft Electro-Chemo-Mechanical Actuators: Recent Advances in Design, Construction, and Applications

Ionic Liquid for PEDOT:PSS Treatment. Ion Binding Free Energy in Water Revealing the Importance of Anion Hydrophobicity

Ion‐Conducting Non‐Flammable Liquid Crystal–Polymer Composites for High‐Frequency Soft Actuators

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