Deformation and stresses in solid-state composite battery cathodes

Yu, Hui-Chia; Taha, Doaa; Thompson, Travis; Taylor, Nathan J.; Drews, A. R.; Sakamoto, Jeff; Thornton, Katsuyo

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227116

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Third, while the lower modulus of sulfide electrolytes might enable very thin, large area sheets of these materials to better withstand the rigors of large scale manufacturing 85,86 , higher modulus oxide sheets might be more prone to failure under the requisite large scale handling and processing conditions. Thin, large area, tape cast sheets are well known to warp, crack, shrink, and delaminate upon heating, particularly when the slurry composition and its processing conditions are not properly optimized [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] , making higher modulus oxide sheets especially vulnerable to failure during their required high temperature sintering. The consequences of this disparity in mechanical properties is not trivial.…”

Section: Materials and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing scalability implications of materials choice in inorganic solid-state batteries

Huang

Ceder

Olivetti

2021

Joule

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The pursuit of scalable and manufacturable all-solid-state batteries continues to intensify, motivated by the rapidly increasing demand for safe, dense electrical energy storage. In this Perspective, we describe the numerous, often conflicting, implications of materials choices that have been made in the search for effective mitigations to the interfacial instabilities plaguing solid-state batteries. Specifically, we show that the manufacturing scalability of solid-state batteries can be governed by at least three principal consequences of materials selection: (1) the availability, scaling capacity, and price volatility of the chosen materials' constituents, (2) the manufacturing processes needed to integrate the chosen materials into full cells, and (3) the cell performance that may be practically achieved with the chosen materials and processes. While each of these factors is, in isolation, a pivotal determinant of manufacturing scalability, we show that consideration and optimization of their collective effects and tradeoffs is necessary to more completely chart a scalable pathway to manufacturing. Context & Scale With examples pulled from recent developments in solid-state batteries, we illustrate the consequences of materials choice on materials availability, processing requirements and challenges, and resultant device performance. We demonstrate that while each of these factors is, by itself, essential to understanding manufacturing scalability, joint consideration of all three provides for a more comprehensive understanding of the specific factors that could impede the scale up to production. Much of the recent activity in solidstate battery research has been aimed at mitigating the various interfacial instabilities that currently prevent the fabrication of a low cost, high performance device. With such a wide breadth of options, it can be difficult for researchers to identify the most promising or scalable pathways forward. As such, we aim to empower researchers to make more informed decisions by providing them with insights into how their materials choices are likely to impact the manufacturing scalability of different interfacial mitigation alternatives. In doing so, we hope that generalizable lessons about scalability can be extracted and applied to subsequent challenges in solid-state battery development, thereby accelerating their scale up to manufacturing.

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Section: Materials and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing scalability implications of materials choice in inorganic solid-state batteries

Huang

Ceder

Olivetti

2021

Joule

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“…Rather than inducing fracture, contraction can delaminate the active particles from the electrolyte matrix, increasing interfacial resistance and capacity fade. [59][60][61] While this is the case for many state-of-the-art cathode materials of interest (NMC, NCA), cathode materials that expand upon delithiation rather than lithiation (such as LCO), will exhibit similar mechanical degradation upon the opposite electrical polarity. 61 The strain that can be accommodated in a composite cathode will depend on the elastic properties of the electrolyte.…”

Section: Mechanics Of Cathode Materials and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[59][60][61] While this is the case for many state-of-the-art cathode materials of interest (NMC, NCA), cathode materials that expand upon delithiation rather than lithiation (such as LCO), will exhibit similar mechanical degradation upon the opposite electrical polarity. 61 The strain that can be accommodated in a composite cathode will depend on the elastic properties of the electrolyte. Therefore, electrolytes with significantly lower elastic moduli, like polymers (<1 GPa 9,15 ) and sulfides (10-100 GPa 16,32 ), are likely to be more successful in accommodating lithiation-induced expansion of cathode particles than oxides (>100 GPa 17 ).…”

Section: Mechanics Of Cathode Materials and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only must chemical and structural stability between the cathode and electrolyte be considered up to the sintering temperatures; differences in CTE will govern which cathode and electrolyte pairs are compatible. Yu et al 61 presented an example of this analysis by calculating the thermal stresses that may be imposed due to CTE mismatch on a LLZO/cathode composite during the heating and cooling processes and by comparing the thermal stresses across several different types of cathode materials. It was found that for an LLZO/NMC and LLZO/LCO composite, the stresses due to CTE mismatch introduced by cooling after densification are sufficient to cause fracture in all three materials (LLZO, NMC, and LCO).…”

Section: Mechanics Of Cathode Materials and Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transitioning solid-state batteries from lab to market: Linking electro-chemo-mechanics with practical considerations

Wang

Kazyak

Dasgupta

et al. 2021

Joule

Self Cite

139

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“…As the mechanical failures of cell components are thought to be crucial factors for the capacity degradation of ASSB, a great deal of researchers have oriented their efforts toward clarifying the mechanical response and the potential endangerment mechanism of the cell systems in the recent three years [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. One has gradually recognized that the Vegard stress induced by the electrochemical reaction at the cathode can not only imperil both active substances and bonding materials in the composite electrode, but also injure the solid electrolyte which acts as the separator sandwiched between the anode and cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Integrity Degradation and Control of All-Solid-State Lithium Battery with Physical Aging Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Electrolyte

Zhou

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Ensuring the material durability of an electrolyte is a prerequisite for the long-term service of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Herein, to investigate the mechanical integrity of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in an ASSB upon electrochemical operation, we have implemented a sequence of quasi-static uniaxial tension and stress relaxation tests on a lithium perchlorate-doped poly (vinyl alcohol) electrolyte, and then discussed the viscoelastic behavior as well as the strength of SPE film during the physical aging process. On this basis, a continuum electrochemical-mechanical model is established to evaluate the stress evolution and mechanical detriment of aging electrolytes in an ASSB at a discharge state. It is found that the measured elastic modulus, yield stress, and characteristic relaxation time boost with the prolonged aging time. Meanwhile, the shape factor for the classical time-decay equation and the tensile rupture strength are independent of the aging history. Accordingly, the momentary relaxation modulus can be predicted in terms of the time–aging time superposition principle. Furthermore, the peak tensile stress in SPE film for the full discharged ASSB will significantly increase as the aging proceeds due to the stiffening of the electrolyte composite. It may result in the structure failure of the cell system. However, this negative effect can be suppressed by the suggested method, which is given by a 2D map under different lithiation rates and relative thicknesses of the electrolyte. These findings can advance the knowledge of SPE degradation and provide insights into reliable all-solid-state electrochemical device applications.

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Deformation and stresses in solid-state composite battery cathodes

Cited by 33 publications

References 62 publications

Manufacturing scalability implications of materials choice in inorganic solid-state batteries

Manufacturing scalability implications of materials choice in inorganic solid-state batteries

Transitioning solid-state batteries from lab to market: Linking electro-chemo-mechanics with practical considerations

Mechanical Integrity Degradation and Control of All-Solid-State Lithium Battery with Physical Aging Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Electrolyte

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