Deformation behavior and irradiation tolerance of 316 L stainless steel fabricated by direct energy deposition

Shiau, Ching-Heng; McMurtrey, Michael D; O’Brien, Robert C.; Jerred, Nathan; Scott, Randall; Lu, Jinlin; Zhang, Xinchang; Wang, Yun; Shao, Lin; Sun, Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109644

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A crosshatch scanning pattern was used, and the corresponding spacing between scanning paths was ~250 µm. Detailed information on the 316L SS powder can be found in a previous report [38]. The powder was blown with four nozzles directly into the melting pool.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with In Situ Micro-Compression Testing

Teng,

Shiau,

Sun

et al. 2023

Materials

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Additive manufacturing techniques are being used more and more to perform the precise fabrication of engineering components with complex geometries. The heterogeneity of additively manufactured microstructures deteriorates the mechanical integrity of products. In this paper, we printed AISI 316L stainless steel using the additive manufacturing technique of laser metal deposition. Both single-phase and dual-phase substructures were formed in the grain interiors. Electron backscatter diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicate that Si, Mo, S, Cr were enriched, while Fe was depleted along the substructure boundaries. In situ micro-compression testing was performed at room temperature along the [001] orientation. The dual-phase substructures exhibited lower yield strength and higher Young’s modulus compared with single-phase substructures. Our research provides a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The results suggest that the uneven heat treatment in the printing process could have negative impacts on the mechanical properties due to elemental segregation.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with In Situ Micro-Compression Testing

Teng,

Shiau,

Sun

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…Sample thicknesses were determined using electron energy loss spectroscopy to vary between 20 and 200 nm. Strain mapping was performed by a FEI Tecnai TF20 TEM with Topspin software from NanoMEGAS, equipped with an ASTAR pattern indexing application and a NanoMEGAS DigiSTAR precession electron diffraction unit. , The strain and orientation mappings were performed by collecting a series of patterns under a scanning condition. Topspin strain analysis uses cross-correlation to estimate the diffraction spot position with sub-pixel accuracy, and the strain was calculated from the lattice distortion extracted from the patterns. , A reference pattern at the center of the layer (away from the interface) was designated as the strain baseline (reference).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface-Driven Strain in Heavy Ion-Irradiated Zr/Nb Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers: Validation of Distortion Modeling via Local Strain Mapping

Sen

Daghbouj

Callisti

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nanolayered metallic alloys are promising materials for nuclear applications thanks to their resistance to radiation damage. Here, we investigate the effect of ion (C, Si, and Cu) irradiation at room temperature with different fluences into sputtered Zr/Nb metallic multilayer films with periods 27 nm (thin) and 96 nm (thick). After irradiation, while a high strain in the entire thin nanoscale metallic multilayer (NMM) is observed, a quite small strain in the entire thick NMM is established. This difference is further analyzed by a semianalytical model, and the reasons behind it are revealed, which are also validated by local strain mapping. Both methods show that within a thick layer, two opposite distortions occur, making the overall strain small, whereas in a thin layer, all the atomic planes are affected by the interface and are subjected to only a single type of distortion (Nbtension and Zrcompression). In both thin and thick NMMs, with increasing damage, the strain around the interface increases, resulting in a release of the elastic energy at the interface (decrease in the lattice mismatch), and the radiation-induced transition of the Zr/Nb interfaces from incoherent to partially coherent occurs. Density functional theory simulations decipher that the inequality of point defect diffusion flux from the inner to the interface-affected region is responsible for the presence of opposite distortions within a layer. Technologically, based on this work, we estimated that Zr/Nb55 with thicknesses around Zr = 24 nm and Nb = 31 nm is the most promising multilayer system with the high radiation damage resistance and minimum swelling for nuclear applications.

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“…The irradiation-induced voids can be a possible contributor to the enhanced DIMT behaviour among other radiation effects. The role of voids is confirmed by tensile tests on irradiated 12Cr18Ni10Ti AustSS [26], and martensite nucleation at the void surface is observed directly in additively manufactured 316L steels containing fabrication-induced nanovoids [31]. In addition, martensite nucleation from voids is found to be prominent by MD simulations of a Fe-C alloy [16] and a Fe-Ni alloy [32] with a tensile stress state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The limited pile-up length leads to a negligible influence region of pile-up stress compared with the size of a martensite nucleus [36,44,45]. (3) The importance of the stress concentration under external loadings is demonstrated by experimental observation [31] and also shown by phase field and MD studies [16,17]. Hence, it is taken as the primary source of the additional mechanical driving force.…”

Section: Kinetics Model Of Martensitic Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model for deformation-induced martensitic transformation in irradiated materials

et al. 2023

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Deformation-induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) is commonly reported to be easily activated in irradiated materials, but the existing transformation kinetics models of DIMT hardly capture the irradiation effect. In this work, we develop a transformation kinetics model considering the effect of irradiation hardening, shear band evolution and the role of irradiation-induced voids. A crystal plasticity framework incorporating the newly developed transformation kinetics model is established. We show that the framework is capable of capturing the accelerated evolution of martensite volume fraction in both cases with and without irradiation-induced voids. Moreover, the framework successfully simulates two post-irradiation phenomena observed in experiments, i.e. the localized distribution of martensite fraction and the evolution of the dominant transformation pathway. The present work is one of the first attempts at the theoretical modelling of DIMT in irradiated materials, and has the potential to benefit the application of irradiation in tailoring the martensitic transformation behaviour.

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Deformation behavior and irradiation tolerance of 316 L stainless steel fabricated by direct energy deposition

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with In Situ Micro-Compression Testing

Investigation of Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured AISI 316L Stainless Steel with In Situ Micro-Compression Testing

Interface-Driven Strain in Heavy Ion-Irradiated Zr/Nb Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers: Validation of Distortion Modeling via Local Strain Mapping

Model for deformation-induced martensitic transformation in irradiated materials

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