With the emerge of vacuum technology, it is possible to produce ultra low carbon (ULC) steels with carbon content of less than 0.005 %mass which is called interstitial free (IF) steels. In this study, strength and microstructure of IF steel after cold-rolling have been determined. The initial steel plates were cold-rolled using two different cold reductions (CR) as 80 and 90% in total, thereafter the steel sheets were cut into specimens for tensile test and optical microscopy. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the cold-rolled steel was high (650807 MPa), but the elongation (EL) was low (3.55.3%). Meanwhile, UTS of the annealed steels was decreased to 290 MPa when soaking temperature was 800 o C because of stress relief and recrystallization. It was concluded that higher CR (more severe deformation) increased the strength but decreased the ductility of the IF steels. In consistence with micrograph of the steels, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that microstructure of the cold-rolled and annealed IF steels was only ferrite. Textures, one of the most important factors affecting the recrystallization, were found in cold-rolled steels.
Keywords:Cold reduction, Cold-rolling, IF steel, Residual stress, Texture
IntroductionThe demands for the steel with excellence formability from automotive industry have accelerated the progress in the steelmaking process, leading to the development of the ultra low carbon (ULC) steels containing carbon less than 0.01 %mass [1,2]. With the emerge of vacuum technology, it is possible to produce ULC steels with carbon content of less than 0.005 %mass which is called interstitial free (IF) steels [3][4][5][6]. It is well known that the interstitial elements such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in the steel are lower owing to vacuum treatment, thereafter one of the most important properties of ULC steel (formability) is improved to apply for automotive body. In general, two important objectives being pursued by the automobile industry are a decrease in car weight and improvements in safety [7]. To realize these requirements, several researches have been implemented to reduce thickness of the steel sheet, increase strength and improve press formability of the steel. For example, J. Galan et al. studied on improving strength and dent resistant capacities with bake hardenable ULC steels in order to fulfill the requirements of thinner sheet steel for automotive applications [2]. M. Wang et al. analyzed the source and disadvantages of macro-inclusions in titanium stabilized ULC steel and reported that the total