Deformation mechanisms in nacre

Wang, R. Z.; Suo, Zhigang; Evans, A.G.; Yao, Nan; Aksay, İlhan A.

doi:10.1557/jmr.2001.0340

Cited by 750 publications

(701 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The toughness of our fiber is 4.9 MJ m − 3 (3.4 J g − 1 ). This value is higher than that of natural nacre (1.8 MJ m − 3 ) 36 and bone (1.2 MJ m − 3 ) 37 but lower than that of Kevlar (33-78 J g − 1 ) due to the nature of GO forming a brittle fiber. 38,39 Wang et al 38 reported that extensive hydrogen bonding in the fiber restricts slippage of GO and thus leads to a high tensile strength but low strain to break and toughness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Hybridizing wood cellulose and graphene oxide toward high-performance fibers

Zhu

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

104

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High-performance microfibers such as carbon fibers are widely used in aircraft and wind turbine blades. Well-aligned, strong microfibers prepared by hybridizing two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and one-dimensional (1D) nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) fibers are designed here for the first time and have the potential to supersede carbon fibers due to their low cost. These well-aligned hybrid microfibers are much stronger than microfibers composed of 1D NFC or 2D GO alone. Both the experimental results and molecular dynamics simulations reveal the synergistic effect between GO and NFC: the bonding between neighboring GO nanosheets is enhanced by NFC because the introduction of NFC provides the extra bonding options available between the nanosheets. In addition, 1D NFC fibers can act as 'lines' to 'weave and wrap' 2D nanosheets together. A 2D GO nanosheet can also bridge several 1D NFC fibers together, providing extra bonding sites between 1D NFC fibers over a long distance. The design rule investigated in this study can be universally applied to other structure designs where a synergistic effect is preferred. NPG Asia Materials (2015) 7, e150; doi:10.1038/am.2014.111; published online 9 January 2015 INTRODUCTIONStrong synthetic fibers such as carbon fibers have an important role in a range of applications from aircraft to wind turbine blades. However, these fibers are expensive and demonstrate limited performance. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), derived mainly from wood, is an inexhaustible one-dimensional (1D) material with a diameter in nanoscale and a length in microscale. 1 This material has been explored as a possible building block for high-strength composites due to its impressive mechanical properties with an elastic modulus of~140 GPa. 2 Moreover, NFC possesses a high specific area and strong interacting surface hydroxyls, and can therefore act as an excellent reinforcement/binder. 3,4 In addition, chemically exfoliated twodimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets exhibit excellent mechanical properties, a high aspect ratio and good processibility, making the nanosheets another attractive building block to produce strong microfibers. 5 Numerous hydroxyl, epoxide functional groups and carboxyl groups are present on the GO nanosheet basal planes and edges, providing strong bonding sites and allowing the GO nanosheets to be well-dispersed in water. 6 Transforming 2D GO nanosheets into strong and highly ordered microfibers is a promising feat. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Efforts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of GO-based microfibers by chemical cross-linking and polymer coatings as well as through giant GO nanosheets. [13][14][15][16] GO microfibers exhibiting a tensile strength of 442 MPa and an elastic modulus of 47 GPa have been

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Hybridizing wood cellulose and graphene oxide toward high-performance fibers

Zhu

et al. 2015

NPG Asia Mater

104

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“…Currey first observed the staggered arrangement of nacre platelets and presented a "Brick and Mortar" model to describe the mechanical behavior of the nacre platelets [15]. Wang et al [22,23] observed the nanoasperities on the platelets and developed a finite element (FE) model based on the friction mechanism. Song et al [24,25] found the mineral bridges (which are mineral connections crossing a protein layer between adjacent mineral platelets) and proposed a "Brick, Bridge, and Mortar" model to interpret the strengthening mechanism of nacre structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Song

Fan

et al. 2015

Acta Mech Sin

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In the present research, hierarchical structure observation and mechanical property characterization for a type of biomaterial are carried out. The investigated biomaterial is Hyriopsis cumingii, a typical limnetic shell, which consists of two different structural layers, a prismatic "pillar" structure and a nacreous "brick and mortar" structure. The prismatic layer looks like a "pillar forest" with variationsection pillars sized on the order of several tens of microns. The nacreous material looks like a "brick wall" with bricks sized on the order of several microns. Both pillars and bricks are composed of nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of the hierarchical biomaterial are measured by using the nanoindentation test. Hardness and modulus are measured for both the nacre layer and the prismatic layer, respectively. The nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are investigated experimentally. The results show that the prismatic nanostructured material has a higher stiffness and hardness than the nacre nanostructured material. In addition, the nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are described theoretically, by using the trans-scale mechanics theory considering both strain gradient effect and the surface/interface effect. The modeling results are consistent with experimental ones.

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“…The 45 work-of-fracture is a measure of material toughness, and the increased toughness also allows reaching higher engineering strength, as observed in Fig 5. We speculate that the observed synergy is related to the surface forces between the components and to the complex role of the soft polysaccharide layer. 50 Evans et al 58,59 suggested that the lubricating effect of the soft domains in nacre leads to shearing and stretching of the organic phase within the slipping reinforcing domains, and provides resistance to deformation. We suggest that the CMC-g-PEG phase works in a similar way in the NFC/CMC-g-PEG 55 nanocomposite, as shown by the low friction.…”

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confidence: 99%