Deformation processes in accretionary wedges—examples from the SW margin of the Southern Uplands, Scotland

Knipe, R. J.; Needham, D. T.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.019.01.03

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this respect they are similar, both to the gravity-driven 'surge zones' described by Coward (1982) from the Moine Thrust Zone and to gravity-driven slumps described from the Southern Uplands by Knipe and Needham (1986). The analogy with these two sets of structures can be extended further, as both papers have recorded curvilinear folds in association with their gravity-driven slides.…”

Section: High Strainsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fold and thrust structures in the Kintradwell ‘Boulder Beds’, Moray Firth

Roberts¹

1989

SJG

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Synopsis The Kimmeridgian shales, sands and ‘boulder-beds’ exposed at Kintradwell Point in Sutherland display a complex series of ‘soft-sediment’ deformation features, which can be assigned to four categories, on the basis of both geometry and temporal relationship. Small, closely-spaced, syn-depositional normal faults, throwing down to the S/SE. Slump folds with intensely curvilinear hinges, produced by differential movement within a wet-sediment pile slumping to the south, obliquely away from the Helmsdale Fault. ‘Thrust’ faults together with related low-angle slides and extensional faults. These gravity-driven structures moved perpendicular to and away from the Helmsdale Fault. They represent a section through the leading edge of a large, detached gravity-slide. Isolated, down-to-the-SE, brittle normal faults, tens of metres in length. These offset slump-fold and slide structures. Structures belonging to category 4 may be the product of tectonic strain related to the opening of the Moray Firth Basin. The remainder are all thought to be local, gravity-driven structures, generated on a late Jurassic palaeoslope dipping away from the Helmsdale Fault. Many geometric analogues for the Kintradwell structures are found not only in slump sheets documented elsewhere but also in the internal parts of contractional orogenic belts. Familiarity with the analysis of such ordered structures from within orogenic belts such as the Caledonides of the Scottish Highlands, facilitates an understanding of the section at Kintradwell. Sequences similar to that at Kintradwell have been discovered during offshore hydrocarbon exploration in the North Sea. The observations presented in this paper have implications for the analysis of cores from such sequences.

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Section: High Strainsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fold and thrust structures in the Kintradwell ‘Boulder Beds’, Moray Firth

Roberts¹

1989

SJG

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“…(5) Late folding and penetrative faulting occurs (cf. Karig & Sharman 1975;Moore & Wheeler 1978;Byrne 1982;Knipe & Needham 1986;Fisher & Byrne 1987;Moore & Silver 1987;Platt et al 1988). The structural style described for Torlesse rocks from the Tararua Range, of initial folding and subsequent fragmentation (leading to development of melange) followed by later folding, is similar to that outlined above for accretionary wedges elsewhere.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of melange and associated units in the Torlesse accretionary wedge, Tararua Range, New Zealand

Orr¹,

Korsch

Foley³

1991

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Deformation of the Late Jurassic -Early Cretaceous Torlesse Complex in the southeastern Tararua Range is characterised by development of melange, several generations of folds, faults at both a low angle and high angle to bedding, shear foliation, and cleavage. The region has undergone the following deformational sequence: (1) Development of at least two fold generations; (2) Fragmentation and disruption by faulting. Faults at a low angle and high angle to bedding have disrupted the sequence, in places producing chaotically disrupted units (melange). The Tauherinikau Melange represents a probable along-strike northern continuation of the Esk Head Melange from the South Island; (3) Post-melange folding; (4) Holocene faulting. Overall, the deformation is consistent with accretion at a convergent plate margin, followed by the present strike-slip dominant regime.

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“…McKerrow, Leggett & Eales, 1977;Knipe & Needham, 1986). However, very similar structural assemblages, with significant areas of SE-younging strata, are seen in units of the Gala Group rocks of the Wigtown, Rhins of Galloway (southwestern Scotland) and Ards peninsula (Northern Ireland) areas (e.g.…”

Section: B Interpretation Of Structures and Comparison With Regionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Complex systems of mainly SE-verging folds and associated top-to-the-SE thrusts are recognized throughout much the Southern Uplands (e.g. Knipe & Needham, 1986;Knipe et al 1988) and are thought to have formed at relatively shallow crustal depths (< 10 km) based on the relatively low metamorphic grade (diagenetic to prehnitepumpellyite facies) (Oliver & Leggett, 1980;Kemp, Oliver & Baldwin, 1985).…”

Section: Regional Setting 2a the Southern Uplands Terranementioning

confidence: 99%

The nature and regional significance of structures in the Gala Group of the Southern Uplands terrane, Berwickshire coast, southeastern Scotland

2002

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Structures deforming Llandovery turbidites of the Gala Group in the Southern Uplands terrane are spectacularly exposed in the Berwickshire coastal section, southeastern Scotland. The upward-facing, upright to NW-vergent folds and associated structures appear to record a single regional phase of subhorizontal NW–SE contractional deformation, with a steeply dipping direction of bulk finite extension. These structures are markedly different from those developed in rocks correlated with the Upper Llandovery Hawick Group exposed some 5 km to the south in the Eyemouth–Burnmouth coastal section. Here a highly domainal system of sinistral transpressional strain occurs, with zones of steeply plunging curvilinear folds, clockwise cleavage transection and bedding-parallel sinistral detachment faults. The markedly different bulk strain patterns in the Berwickshire coastal sections are thought to reflect the regionally diachronous nature of transpressional deformation in the Southern Uplands terrane. There are striking similarities in the structures recognized in the Berwickshire coastal sections and those developed in stratigraphically equivalent units along strike in southwestern Scotland and Northern Ireland. This confirms the lateral structural continuity and correlation of tracts and tract boundaries along the entire length of the Southern Uplands terrane. The regional structure suggests that a phase of top-to-the-NW backthrusting and backfolding associated with the southern margin of the Gala Group outcrop marks the transition from orthogonal contraction to sinistral transpression in the Southern Upland thrust wedge during late Llandovery times.

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Deformation processes in accretionary wedges—examples from the SW margin of the Southern Uplands, Scotland

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Fold and thrust structures in the Kintradwell ‘Boulder Beds’, Moray Firth

Fold and thrust structures in the Kintradwell ‘Boulder Beds’, Moray Firth

Structure of melange and associated units in the Torlesse accretionary wedge, Tararua Range, New Zealand

The nature and regional significance of structures in the Gala Group of the Southern Uplands terrane, Berwickshire coast, southeastern Scotland

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