Degassing of mantle-derived CO2 and He from springs in the southern Colorado Plateau region—Neotectonic connections and implications for groundwater systems

Crossey, L. J.; Karlstrom, Karl E.; Springer, Abraham E.; Newell, Dennis L.; Hilton, David R.; Fischer, Tobias P.

doi:10.1130/b26394.1

Cited by 161 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…When water with a calcium concentration that has been elevated in this manner reaches a cave, the process is reversed, and carbonate minerals are precipitated, as dissolved CO 2 is transported from the aqueous phase to the vapour phase resulting in a pH increase and associated calcium carbonate supersaturation. In hot springs, the source of CO 2 is mainly abiotic (Crossey et al 2009), and the CO 2 potential (concentration) is often much larger than biological processes can produce. Consequently, the rate of precipitation is generally higher near hot springs than that in caves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological pattern formation by growth and dissolution in aqueous systems

Meakin

Jamtveit

2009

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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Progress towards the development of a better understanding of the formation of geological patterns in wet systems due to precipitation and dissolution is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the formation of terraces, stalactites, stalagmites and other carbonate patterns due to precipitation from flowing supersaturated solutions and the formation of scallops by dissolution in undersaturated turbulent fluids. In addition, the formation of spherulites, dendrites and very large, essentially euhedral, crystals is discussed. In most cases, the formation of very similar patterns as a result of the freezing/melting of ice and the precipitation/dissolution of minerals strongly suggests that complexity associated with aqueous chemistry, interfacial chemistry and biological processes has only a secondary effect on these pattern formation processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological pattern formation by growth and dissolution in aqueous systems

Meakin

Jamtveit

2009

Proc. R. Soc. A.

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“…The C endo itself is likely a mix from multiple sources: asthenospheric, lithospheric mantle, and/or from crustal processes (Crossey et al, 2009). Present data are unable to resolve the relative contributions from these sources.…”

Section: Co 2 / 3 He In Springs Of Coloradomentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These values are more tightly clustered and have lower C carb , lower organic input, and higher C endo (Fig. 3, inset; Table DR2) than waters from regions underlain by regional karst aquifers of the Colorado Plateau (Crossey et al, 2009). …”

Section: Modeling Of Sources Of Comentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We estimate the relative proportions of these CO 2 sources, fi rst by using major-element chemistry to estimate C carb using a simple geochemical model where C carb = Ca + Mg -SO 4 (Table DR1; Chiodini et al, 2000;Crossey et al, 2009). Our calculation maximizes C carb and hence provides a conservative estimate of the parameter of greater interest-the external carbon (C ext = DIC total -C carb ) where the DIC total is computed from the measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, as HCO 3 ) and the pH using PHREEQC modeling that also incorporates any carbon from H 2 CO 3 (Parkhurst, 1995).…”

Section: Modeling Of Sources Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mantle 3He and CO2 degassing in carbonic and geothermal springs of Colorado and implications for neotectonics of the Rocky Mountains

Karlstrom

Crossey

Hilton

et al. 2013

Geology

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Helium isotope ( 3 He/ 4 He) data from geothermal springs in the Colorado Rocky Mountains (western United States) provide unequivocal evidence for a remarkable mantle-to-groundwater connection, with contributions of up to 27% mantle-derived helium. Hydrochemical modeling of springs shows the mantle helium is associated with high pCO 2 with 76 ± 20% of the CO 2 also derived from endogenic (deep geologic) sources. These springs occur preferentially along faults, have highest 3 He/ 4 He values above domains of low mantle velocity, and demonstrate unexpectedly widespread neotectonic mantle degassing. Total CO 2 fl ux through these springs is 3 × 10 8 mol/yr, a small but persistent contribution to the CO 2 budget and an important baseline for carbon sequestration/leakage studies. PIN 1.28 McE 0.07 -0.17 Avg (17) = 0.14 0.08 -0.30 Avg (36) = 0.11 JEM 1.27 -6.16 Avg (6) = 4.68 CHI 0.65 LMA 0.33 Bravo Dome 0.76 -4.26 Avg (17) = 2.04 MON 0.083 SY 0.11 -0.38 Avg (6) = 0.24 SJB 0.13 SOD 0.84 Colorado New Mexico

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“…Hence, we combine other parameters to trace CO 2 origins. The CO 2 / 3 He ratio can act as a sensitive indicator for fingerprinting carbon provenance since diagnostic values exist in the earth's various reservoirs (crust/mantle/atmosphere) (Crossey et al, 2009;Sherwood Lollar et al, 1997). The CO 2 / 3 He ratios of collected gas samples vary over 3 orders of magnitude, from the range of 1 × 10 9 to 1 × 10 10 (MORB-like) to higher values normally associated with crustal lithologies (Marty and Jambon, 1987;O'Nions and Oxburgh, 1988).…”

Section: Sources Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%