Degeneration and Rupture of the Achilles Tendon

Fox, James M.; Blazina, Martin E.; Jobe, Frank W.; Kerlan, Robert K.; Carter, Vincent S.; Shields, Clarence L.; Carlson, Gisèle

doi:10.1097/00003086-197503000-00025

Cited by 120 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Diffuse degenerative changes, tendon sheath thickening, fibrosis, and calcification were observed. Collagen fibers appeared swollen, edematous, longitudinally split, and distorted (65,66).…”

Section: Mechanical Behavior Of Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Ergonomics: Principles and Applications

Bhattacharya¹,

Talbott²,

Kincl³

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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This chapter provides the basic principles that underlie the field of ergonomics and their application to some of the current issues of importance in the workplace. Sections 2–4 deal with the physiology of muscles; biomechanics; cellular responses to tissue, nerve, and joint injuries as they relate to cumulative trauma disorders; and common types of overuse syndromes. The remaining sections deal with applications of the principles to workplace ergonomic issues and proposed ergonomic regulations. The word “ergonomics” is made up of two Greek words, “ergo” meaning work and “nomas” meaning laws. The field of ergonomics is highly interdisciplinary. It applies principles from engineering, physiology, medicine, and psychology to the understanding of the interaction of humans with their workplace. The interaction of humans with their workplace may consist of identifying the relationship between job physical risk factors and physiological responses. For example, a specific ergonomic problem of paramount importance in the occupational health and safety is the issue of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMD). Some of these issues are discussed further in this chapter. The specific areas of application relevant to the field of ergonomics are defined and briefly explained. Activities that involve repetitive stress have effects that are extremely complicated. Adding internal or external forces to the body can, as described, alter bone, joints, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and muscles. Belief that a repetitive motion will result in an isolated nerve injury without affecting surrounding joints, ligaments, muscles, or tendons is likely to inhibit appropriate care and control of exposed individuals. Additional research is needed to further characterize changes that occur, and current approaches to recognizing, managing, and preventing repetitive injuries must address all tissues in the involved area.

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Section: Mechanical Behavior Of Tendonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Ergonomics: Principles and Applications

Bhattacharya¹,

Talbott²,

Kincl³

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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“…The mechanism of acceleration and deceleration is reported as the cause in more than 90% of sports-related injuries to the Achilles tendon (Soldatis et al, 1997). Additional factors implicated in ruptures include repetitive microtraumas, hypoxia and mucoid degeneration, and a decrease in perfusion resulting from degenerative changes and systemic administration or local infiltration of corticosteroids (Fox et al, 1975;Kannus and Józsa, 1991;Mahler and Fritschy, 1992;Soldatis et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells to treat Achilles tendon injuries

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. Rupture of the Achilles tendon diminishes quality of life. The gold-standard therapy is a surgical suture, but this presents complications, including wound formation and inflammation. These complications spurred evaluation of the therapeutic potential of 10435 ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (4): 10434-10449 (2014) Stem cells for tendon injury treatment mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue. New Zealand rabbits were divided into 6 groups (three treatments with two time points each) evaluated at either 14 or 28 days after surgery: cross section of the Achilles tendon (CSAT); CSAT + Suture; and CSAT + MSC. A comparison between all groups at both time points showed a statistically significant increase in capillaries and in the structural organization of collagen in the healed tendon in the CSAT + Suture and CSAT + MSC groups at the 14-day assessment. Comparison between the two time points within the same group showed a statistically significant decrease in the inflammatory process and an increase in the structural organization of collagen in the CSAT and CSAT + MSC groups. A study of the genomic integrity of the cells suggested a linear correlation between an increase of injuries and culture time. Thus, MSC transplantation is a good alternative for treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures because it may be conducted without surgery and tendon suture and, therefore, has no risk of adverse effects resulting from the surgical wound or inflammation caused by nonabsorbable sutures. Furthermore, this alternative treatment exhibits a better capacity for wound healing and maintaining the original tendon architecture, depending on the arrangement of the collagen fibers, and has important therapeutic potential.

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“…In fact, since 1959 (Arnero and Lindhom, 1959), we can find in bibliography several studies showing that the majority of patients undergoing Achilles tendon surgical repair, already had rather advanced degenerative processes that were considered responsible for the tendon structural failure (Davidsson and Salo, 1969;Fox et al 1975;Kannus and Jozsa, 1991;Jozsa et al, 1991;Jarvinen, 1997;Jozsa andKannus, 1997;Waterston, 1997;Waterston and Maffulli, 1997). Although most of these degenerative involutions were not linked to a precise etiologic cause, the majority of the Authors linked these to an alteration in tendon microcirculation subsequent to hypoxia and altered metabolism (Jarvinen, 1997;Jozsa and Kannus, 1997;Waterston, 1997;Waterston and Maffulli, 1997).…”

Section: The "Degenerative Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%