Deghosting dual‐component streamer data using demigration‐based supervised learning

Abstract

Ghost reflections from the free surface distort the source signature and generate notches in the seismic amplitude spectrum. For this reason, removing ghost reflections is essential to improve the bandwidth and signal‐to‐noise ratio of seismic data. We have developed a novel approach that involves training a convolutional neural network to remove source and receiver ghosts from marine dual‐component data. High‐quality training data is essential for the network to produce accurate predictions on real data. We have used the demigration of a stacked depth‐migrated image to create training shot gathers. Demigrated pressure and vertical velocity data are used to train the network. We apply the trained network on real pressure and vertical velocity data with ghosts. The network's output may be either source deghosting and receiver deghosting, or both. We test our method on synthetic Marmousi and real North Sea data with dual‐component streamers. The method is compared with conventional dual‐component deghosting using the summation of pressure and vertical velocity. Results show that the method can accurately remove the ghosts with only minor errors in synthetic data. Based on a decimation test, the method is less affected by spatially aliased data than a conventional method, which could benefit data with high frequencies and/or large receiver or cable separations. On real data, the results show consistency with conventional deghosting, both within and outside the training area. This indicates that the method is a viable alternative to conventional methods on real data.

Multi-Shot Simultaneous Deghosting for Virtual-Shot Gathers via Integrated Sparse and Nuclear Norm Constraint Inversion

“…The inversion-based deghosting method combines plane wave decomposition with the construction of ghost delay operators and utilizes a linear inversion algorithm to extract ghost-free wavefields, which have been gaining prominence in recent years [24,25]. Recent advances in this field have focused on integrating high-performance inversion algorithms [26][27][28] or machine learning techniques [29][30][31] to further improve deghosting results. Despite these significant advancements, existing deghosting methods does not specifically consider the influence of non-physical reflections of the virtual gathers, which is generated by seismic interferometry.…”