This study aims to improve the volleyball specialty performance of Chinese higher vocational college students through the application of problem-based learning methodology. Using a quasi-experimental design, with 81 students from a vocational college in Zhejiang Province, China, including 41 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group. The experimental group received interventions using problem-based learning methodology for 12 weeks, while the control group received traditional classroom teaching during the same period. Additionally, this study applied pre-test and post-test measurements on volleyball specialty performance, including bumping, serving, practical skills, and overall scores, and conducted data analysis using statistical methods. The results showed significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores of both the experimental and control groups, with the post-test scores higher than the pre-test scores, indicating better performance in the experimental group compared to the control group.