Degradability of Forage Proteins by In Situ and In Vitro Enzymatic Methods

Coblentz, W.K.; Abdelgadir, I.E.O.; Cochran, R.C.; Fritz, J. O.; Fick, Walter H.; Olson, K. C.; Turner, James

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(99)75241-0

Cited by 62 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In brief, the milled samples were analyzed for total nitrogen content according to the Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis method (AOAC Method 2001.11, Dairy One Corporative Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA). Rumen degradable nitrogen was determined using the Cornell Streptomyces griseus protease (SGP) enzyme digestion protocol . Consistent with animal science and nutrition methods, the structural component content of forages was quantified in terms of the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using steam explosion or AFEX™ to produce animal feeds and biofuel feedstocks in a biorefinery based on sugarcane residues

Mokomele

Sousa

Bals

et al. 2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Sustainable integration of biofuel (primarily bioethanol) and highly digestible livestock feed in production systems is a potential way to increase the economic returns to agriculture and simultaneously promote energy security, particularly in developing countries. In this work we evaluated the efficacy of steam explosion (StEx) and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™) as potential processes for improving the in vitro rumen digestibility, metabolizable energy, and ethanol yields from sugarcane crop residues (bagasse and cane leaf matter, CLM). Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment enhanced the in vitro true digestibility and metabolizable energy content of sugarcane crop residues by 69% and 26%, respectively compared to untreated controls. On the other hand, StEx increased the true digestibility and metabolizable energy content of the sugarcane residues by 54% and 7%, respectively. Ammonia fiber expansion also increased the total nitrogen content of both sugarcane bagasse and CLM to more than 20.2 g kg−1 dry forage, a more than 230% improvement relative to untreated controls. High solid‐loading enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of StEx‐ and AFEX™‐pretreated sugarcane crop residues generated yields of up to 3368 and 4360 L of ethanol per hectare of sugarcane cultivated, respectively, at a biomass‐degrading enzyme dosage of 20 mg protein per gram glucan. This research strongly suggests that the use of suitably pretreated sugarcane crop residues in integrated sugarcane biofuel‐livestock production systems can increase the total per hectare agricultural output without increasing the area of sugarcane cultivated. In effect, this integrated approach promotes more sustainable biofuel production and increased food production while avoiding the potential for indirect land use change. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using steam explosion or AFEX™ to produce animal feeds and biofuel feedstocks in a biorefinery based on sugarcane residues

Mokomele

Sousa

Bals

et al. 2018

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative proportion of RDP in the A. pintoi samples is less than what is often reported for temperate legumes, particularly for legumes at early stages of maturity. In the latter, RDP, expressed on a CP basis, is often 800 g kg )1 CP or more (Coblentz et al, 1999). Reduced relative ruminal degradability, accompanied by a relatively high total CP concentration, could be advantageous in situations in which metabolizable protein supply is commonly deficient relative to demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry‐matter yields and crude protein and rumen‐degradable protein concentrations of three Arachis pintoi ecotypes at different stages of regrowth in the humid tropics

Villarreal

Cochran

Villalobos

et al. 2005

Grass and Forage Science

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Well-established stands of three ecotypes of Arachis pintoi (CIAT 17434, 18744 and 18748) were harvested from replicated plots (three blocks, each containing three plots for each ecotype) during the two dominant seasons (dry and wet) of the low altitude, humid tropics of Costa Rica. Each plot was further divided into six subplots so that, within each season, samples corresponding to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 weeks of regrowth could be collected. For each harvest, dry matter (DM) yield of the leaf, stem and whole plant, and the leaf:stem ratio, were recorded. Samples of the whole plant were analysed for crude protein (CP), rumen-degradable (RDP) and rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) concentrations. DM yield of the leaf, stem and whole plant increased with advancing period of regrowth but the effects of period of regrowth varied somewhat among ecotypes and across seasons. Generally, DM yield was greater during the wet than during the dry season. The greatest difference between ecotypes for stem and total DM yields was evident during the dry season. In general, DM contents were low in the whole plant, leaf and stem samples (<220 g kg )1 ) and increased with increasing period of regrowth. Increases in leaf:stem ratio were most dramatic during the dry season with greater periods of regrowth, although the ratio was fairly constant during the wet season. Whole-plant CP concentration was relatively high after short periods of regrowth (up to 279 g kg )1 DM) but declined with longer periods of regrowth; the relative decline was much greater during the dry season. The RDP concentration was relatively constant during the wet season (mean 115 g kg )1 DM), but declined with longer periods of regrowth during the dry season (range 194-111 g kg )1 DM). In general, the concentrations of RDP, on a CP basis, were greater during the dry season and ranged from 590 to 700 g kg )1 CP. Season, ecotype and period of regrowth all exerted an effect on RUP concentrations.

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“…Samples of orchardgrass and alfalfa were analysed by wet chemistry (Dairy One Laboratories, Ithaca, NY) according to the following procedures: DM (method 930.15; AOAC, ), CP (method 990.03; AOAC, ), rumen degradable protein [RDP (Cornell Streptomyces griseus enzymatic digestion; Coblentz et al, )], NDF, ADF, lignin [Ankom model A200; Mertens (), with heat‐stable alpha‐amylase and sodium sulphite used in the NDF procedure (inclusive of ash)], minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; Thermo IRIS Advantage HX or intrepid inductively couple plasma radial spectrometer after microwave digestion; CEM Application Note for Acid Digestion, CEM Matthews, NC) and ether extract (method 2003.05; AOAC, ). The non‐fibre carbohydrate (NFC) concentration was calculated using the equation NFC (g/kg) = (100% − (CP% + NDF% + ether extract% + ash%)/100%) × 1,000 g/kg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a single‐flow continuous culture fermenter system for determination of ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production

Dillard

Roca-Fernández

Rubano

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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A 4‐unit, single‐flow continuous culture fermenter system was developed to assess in vitro nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and daily enteric methane (CH4) production of ruminant diets. The objective was to develop a closed‐vessel system that maintained protozoal populations and provided accurate predictions of total CH4 production. A diet of 50% orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and 50% alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was fed during 4, 10‐day periods (7‐day adaptation and 3‐day collection). Fermenters were fed 82 g of dry matter (DM)/day in four equal feedings. pH and temperature were taken every 2 min, and CH4 concentration was measured every 10 min. Samples for DM and protozoal counts were taken daily, and daily effluent samples were collected for determination of DM, VFA and NH3‐N concentrations. There was no effect (p > 0.17) of adaptation versus collection days on vessel and effluent DM, temperature or pH. Initial protozoal counts decreased (p < 0.01), but recovered to initial counts by the collection period. Total VFA, acetate, propionate and isobutyrate concentrations did not differ (p ≥ 0.13) among periods or days of the collection period. There was no difference (p ≥ 0.37) among days or periods in total daily CH4 production and CH4 production per g of OM, NDF, digestible OM or digestible NDF fed. Data collected throughout 4 experimental periods demonstrated that the system was able to reach a steady state in fermentation well within the 7‐day adaptation period and even typically variable data (i.e., CH4 production) were stable within and across periods. While further research is needed to determine the relationship between this system and in vivo data, this continuous culture fermenter system provides a valid comparison of in vitro ruminal fermentation and enteric CH4 production of ruminant diets that can then be further validated with in vivo studies.

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Degradability of Forage Proteins by In Situ and In Vitro Enzymatic Methods

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Using steam explosion or AFEX™ to produce animal feeds and biofuel feedstocks in a biorefinery based on sugarcane residues

Using steam explosion or AFEX™ to produce animal feeds and biofuel feedstocks in a biorefinery based on sugarcane residues

Dry‐matter yields and crude protein and rumen‐degradable protein concentrations of three Arachis pintoi ecotypes at different stages of regrowth in the humid tropics

Evaluation of a single‐flow continuous culture fermenter system for determination of ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production

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