Degradable Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets with Rapid Clearance and Efficient Tumor Homing Capabilities as a Therapeutic Nanoplatform

Abstract

Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanosheets with high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and pH-dependent oxidative degradation properties were synthesized, functionalizedw ith polyethylene glycol (PEG), and then used as ad egradable photothermal agent and drug carrier.T he nanosheets,w hich are relatively stable under acidic pH, could be degraded at physiological pH. Therefore,M oOx-PEG distributed in organs upon intravenous injection would be rapidly degraded and excreted without apparent in vivo toxicity.M oOx-PEG shows efficient accumulation in tumors,the acidic pH of which then leads to longer tumor retention of those nanosheets.Along with the capability of acting as ap hotothermal agent for effective tumor ablation, MoOx-PEG can load therapeutic molecules with high efficiencies.T his concept of inorganic theranostic nanoagent should be relatively stable in tumors to allowimaging and treatment, while being readily degradable in normal organs to enable rapid excretion and avoid long-term retention/toxicity.

Biodegradable black phosphorus-based nanospheres for in vivo photothermal cancer therapy

“…Owing to the excellent NIR optical performance, nanomaterials such as metallic nanostructures, metal-based semiconductor nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials have been explored and employed as PTT agents or drug release systems in in vivo cancer therapy 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 . Nanomaterials with a size range between 20 and 200 nm circumvent rapid renal filtration enabling passive accumulation in tumours at high concentrations for a longer time than organic molecules via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect that can hardly be achieved by other molecular agents 16 17 18 19 . However, unlike other small biodegradable molecules, inorganic nanoparticles generally have poor biodegradability and stay in the body for a long period of time accentuating the risk of deleterious effects.…”

Assessing and Mitigating the Hazard Potential of Two-Dimensional Materials

“…168 In this study, MoO x nanosheets functionalized with PEG were prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method and investigated for their capabilities as a photothermal therapeutic agent. The resulting MoO x nanosheets, while stable in acidic pH, degrade quickly at physiological pH.…”

Engine-Trailer-Structured Nanotrucks for Efficient Nano-Bio Interactions and Bioimaging-Guided Drug Delivery

“…Nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems have attracted a great deal of attention in treatment of cancer because nanoparticle-based nanomedicines may have improved solubility, [1][2][3] reduced non-specificity toxicity, [4][5][6] altered pharmacokinetics 7,8 and bio-distributions 9,10 compared with small-molecule drugs. The future success of nanoparticle-based nanomedicine requires nanoparticles with indispensable well-defined requirements, including high biocompatibility and drug loading efficiency, [11][12][13][14][15][16] smart and controllable release, [17][18][19][20] especially the enhanced nanobio interactions for long blood circulation, [21][22][23][24] efficient tumor accumulation, and cellular uptaking, [25][26][27][28][29] etc.…”