Degradação Do Vínculo Parental E Violência Contra a Criança: O Uso Do Genograma Familiar Na Prática Clínica Pediátrica

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the importance of using the family genogram in pediatric consultation, as an analysis tool to evaluate the degradation of parental bonding and also violence against children.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2011 wherein 63 children, aged between 2 and 6 years, enrolled in a slum nursery, was studied. In order to construct the genogram, data were collected in four stages: pediatric evaluation at nursery; interview with caregivers; interview with teachers; and interview with the nursery coordinator. The data about the families were used to construct the genograms with the aid of GenoPro®-2016 software. In order to evaluate the quality of bonding, the following items were included in the genograms: violence against children, drug addiction, neglect, mental disorder, type of relationship among family members.Results: The evaluated children and their families generated 55 genograms. In 38 of them, functional family arrangements, and close or very close emotional ties were observed. In 17 cases, situations involving physical, emotional, or sexual violence against children were perceived. Among these, four represented extreme cases, with fraying parental bonding, and dysfunctional family arrangements. In these families, chemical addiction was prevalent among multiple members, as well as severe mental disorder, persistent physical and verbal abuse, and sexual abuse.Conclusions: The use of the genogram helps to identify at an early stage the degradation of parental bonding and violence against children, and when it is incorporated into the pediatric practice routine, it may contribute to the promotion of the comprehensive health care of the child, regardless of the presence of social vulnerability.

Infâncias violadas e as vulnerabilidades na violência sexual infantil: uma revisão integrativa

“…Situações como perda de emprego, uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas, separação e/ou con昀氀ito conjugal, mor te de um de seus membros e psicopatologia parental são algumas das características familiares que podem ser consideradas fatores de risco para a violência sexual infantil (CERNA-TUROFF et al, 2021;LEOSCHUT;KAFAAR, 2017;McLAUGHLIN et al, 2017;OGUNJIMI et al, 2020;PETERMAN et al, 2017;PITTENGER;POGUE;HANSEN, 2018;TEN HAVE et al, 2019). O consumo de álcool e de substâncias psicoativas dentro das famílias estão intimamente relacionados aos casos de violência sexual e são, frequentemente, relatados como fatores de risco associados (CERNA-TUROFF et al, 2021;CHRISTOFFERSEN, 2020;LEONCIO;MACHADO, 2017;LEOSCHUT;KAFAAR, 2017). Guedes et al (2017) evidenciaram, em um estudo relacionando à violência contra a mulher e à violência sexual infantil dentro do próprio ambiente familiar, que as normas de privilégio de dominação masculina em casa e as normas sociais de tolerância à violência di昀椀cultam ou impedem a busca por ajuda.…”

‘Hitting to Teach is One Thing, but to Hurt is a Different Thing, isn’t it?’: Understanding Cycles of Intergenerational Violence within Families

“…Genograms (Leoncio et al, 2017) were used to collect information about the participant's family structure, as well as interpersonal relationships, patterns of repetition of behavior, and possible intrafamily conflicts. These components were used to contextualize the participant's life history.…”

“…The responsibility of socializing, introducing new skills and values for the children is attributed to the family. Undoubtedly, it is also the role of the family to protect and care for children and adolescents (Leoncio, Souza, & Machado, 2017). However, some families not only fail in fulfilling their protective function, but expose children and adolescents to situations of violence (Souza, Lauda, & Koller, 2014).…”