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<p><span lang="ES-CO">La investigación se realizó en la hacienda Pacandé, municipio de Saldaña (Tolima), a una altura de 420 msnm, temperatura media de 28°C y precipitación anual de 1.250m m. Se utilizaron praderas de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Bouteloua repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(H .B.K.) y<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Bothriochloa pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(L.) sobre suelos franco-arenosos con baios contenidos de materia orgánica, P K y B, contenidos medios de S, Cu y Zn; y contenidos altos de Ca y Mg. No hubo correlación significativa entre las características fisicoquímicas del suelo y la invasividad de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa,</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>especie que presentó el mayor peso de Materia Seca (MS) en hojas, tallos y raíces (0.61, 0.84 y 0.61 g/planta, respectivamente) (P <0.01). Durante la sequía las leguminosas presentaron pesos superiores:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>( 6.02 g/planta),<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Tephrosia cinérea</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>(3.06 g/planta) y<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Desmodíum barbatum</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>(2.96 g/planta).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>T. cinérea</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>presentó el mayor peso de raíz (47.97%). A los 42 y 56 días de rebrote, en lluvia y sequía, el mayor rendimiento de MS lo obtuvo<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>con 1.16y 1..97 t.ha<sup>1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> respectivamente (P <0.01). La disponibilidad de MS en la época de lluvias fluctuó entre 452 y 1.784 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>y 425 y 1.474 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>y en esta pradera el aporte de las leguminosas fue de 200 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. En sequía la producción de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>fluctuó entre 1.008y 1.445 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup> y la de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>entre 519y 1.328k g.ha<sup>-1</sup>con un aporte de 54.86 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>de las leguminosas. Los indicadores de calidad fluctuaron entre épocas y entre especies: las praderas de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>reportaron valores inferiores en proteína cruda y mayores en lignina; bovinos pastoreando en B. repens presentaron los mayores niveles de NH<sub>3</sub>-N ruminal en todo el período experimental (27.02 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>), mientras la mayor disponibilidad se observó en el tiempo de lluvias (34.91 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>). El peso del contenido ruminal (kg de MS por 100 kg de peso vivo: kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PV) fue superior en los bovinos pastoreados con<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(3.17 vs. 2.72 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>PV). En la estación lluviosa las novillas presentaron mayores consumos en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(2.01k g vs. 1.44 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PV). Sin embargo en sequía el consumo fue mayor en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>(1.12 vs. 0.9 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PV). La ingesta (MS) de leguminosas fue mayor durante la sequía( 27.9%) que durante las lluvias (2L.4%)( P<0.01). En la estación húmeda las novillas que consumieron B . repens presentaron mayores ganancias de peso que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(588 vs. 378 g/dia). Durante la sequía, la ganancia de peso descendió paulatinamente en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>hasta 113g /día; en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em>, cayó progresivamente de 565g/día hasta observarse pérdidas de -115y -640g /día.</span></p><p><span lang="ES-CO"> </span></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Nutritional characterization of two grass-legume associations with grazing heifers in the high Magdalena Valley (Colombia)</span></strong></p><p><span lang="EN-US">This study was conducted at the Pacandé farm, Municipality of Saldaña (Tolima), at 420 m.a.s.l., with an average temperature of 28°C and an annual precipitation of 1,250 mm Prairies used consisted of the grasses<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Boutelona repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(H.B.K.) and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Bothriochloa pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(L) planted in franc-sandy soils with very low contents of organic matter, low levels of P, K and B, average contents of S, Cu, Zn md high contents of Ca and Mg. Forage dry matter (DM) availability in the rainy season fluctuated between 452 md 1,784 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pastures md between 425 and 7,474 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>prairies. In this last pasture, the DM contribution from the legumes was 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. In the dry season, DM production from<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>prairies fluctuated between 1,008 and 1,445 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>and from 519 to 1,328 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>in the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pastures, which had a 54 86 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>DM contribution from the legumes. Of the two pastures those of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>had, the lower c¡ude protein and the greater lignin contents. With<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em>, greater levels of ruminal NH<sub>3</sub>-N were found throughout the experimental period (27.02 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>), yet the greater availability was observed during the rainy season (34.91 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>). The weight of the rumen contents (kg of DM per 100 kg of live weight: kg DM.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>LW) were superior in bovine that grazed in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>prairies that in those grazing the B. pertusa pastures (3.1,7 vs.2.72 kg DM.100 kg<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>PV). In the rainy season the heifers had greater consumption of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>than of B. repens (2,01 vs. 1,44 kg DM 100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>LW). Nevertheless in the dry season, DM consumption was greater in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(7.72 vs. 0 9 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>LW, respectively). Greater (P<0,01) legume DM intake was observed during the dry (27.9%) that during the rainy season (21.4%) During the rainy season, the heifers in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>had greater weight gains (588 g/day) than those in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(378 g/day). During the dry season, weight gains with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>descended gradually to a low of 113 g/day, while with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. putusa</em>, losses of -115 to -640 g/day were observed at the end of the dry season.</span></p>
<p><span lang="ES-CO">La investigación se realizó en la hacienda Pacandé, municipio de Saldaña (Tolima), a una altura de 420 msnm, temperatura media de 28°C y precipitación anual de 1.250m m. Se utilizaron praderas de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Bouteloua repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(H .B.K.) y<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Bothriochloa pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(L.) sobre suelos franco-arenosos con baios contenidos de materia orgánica, P K y B, contenidos medios de S, Cu y Zn; y contenidos altos de Ca y Mg. No hubo correlación significativa entre las características fisicoquímicas del suelo y la invasividad de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa,</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>especie que presentó el mayor peso de Materia Seca (MS) en hojas, tallos y raíces (0.61, 0.84 y 0.61 g/planta, respectivamente) (P <0.01). Durante la sequía las leguminosas presentaron pesos superiores:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Stylosanthes scabra</em>( 6.02 g/planta),<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Tephrosia cinérea</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>(3.06 g/planta) y<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Desmodíum barbatum</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>(2.96 g/planta).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>T. cinérea</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>presentó el mayor peso de raíz (47.97%). A los 42 y 56 días de rebrote, en lluvia y sequía, el mayor rendimiento de MS lo obtuvo<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>con 1.16y 1..97 t.ha<sup>1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> respectivamente (P <0.01). La disponibilidad de MS en la época de lluvias fluctuó entre 452 y 1.784 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>y 425 y 1.474 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>y en esta pradera el aporte de las leguminosas fue de 200 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. En sequía la producción de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>fluctuó entre 1.008y 1.445 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup> y la de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>entre 519y 1.328k g.ha<sup>-1</sup>con un aporte de 54.86 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>de las leguminosas. Los indicadores de calidad fluctuaron entre épocas y entre especies: las praderas de<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>reportaron valores inferiores en proteína cruda y mayores en lignina; bovinos pastoreando en B. repens presentaron los mayores niveles de NH<sub>3</sub>-N ruminal en todo el período experimental (27.02 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>), mientras la mayor disponibilidad se observó en el tiempo de lluvias (34.91 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>). El peso del contenido ruminal (kg de MS por 100 kg de peso vivo: kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PV) fue superior en los bovinos pastoreados con<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(3.17 vs. 2.72 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>PV). En la estación lluviosa las novillas presentaron mayores consumos en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(2.01k g vs. 1.44 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PV). Sin embargo en sequía el consumo fue mayor en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>(1.12 vs. 0.9 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>PV). La ingesta (MS) de leguminosas fue mayor durante la sequía( 27.9%) que durante las lluvias (2L.4%)( P<0.01). En la estación húmeda las novillas que consumieron B . repens presentaron mayores ganancias de peso que en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(588 vs. 378 g/dia). Durante la sequía, la ganancia de peso descendió paulatinamente en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>hasta 113g /día; en<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em>, cayó progresivamente de 565g/día hasta observarse pérdidas de -115y -640g /día.</span></p><p><span lang="ES-CO"> </span></p><p><strong><span lang="EN-US">Nutritional characterization of two grass-legume associations with grazing heifers in the high Magdalena Valley (Colombia)</span></strong></p><p><span lang="EN-US">This study was conducted at the Pacandé farm, Municipality of Saldaña (Tolima), at 420 m.a.s.l., with an average temperature of 28°C and an annual precipitation of 1,250 mm Prairies used consisted of the grasses<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Boutelona repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(H.B.K.) and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>Bothriochloa pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(L) planted in franc-sandy soils with very low contents of organic matter, low levels of P, K and B, average contents of S, Cu, Zn md high contents of Ca and Mg. Forage dry matter (DM) availability in the rainy season fluctuated between 452 md 1,784 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pastures md between 425 and 7,474 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"><em> </em></span>prairies. In this last pasture, the DM contribution from the legumes was 200 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>. In the dry season, DM production from<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>prairies fluctuated between 1,008 and 1,445 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>and from 519 to 1,328 kg.ha<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>in the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>pastures, which had a 54 86 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>DM contribution from the legumes. Of the two pastures those of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>had, the lower c¡ude protein and the greater lignin contents. With<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em>, greater levels of ruminal NH<sub>3</sub>-N were found throughout the experimental period (27.02 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>), yet the greater availability was observed during the rainy season (34.91 mg.L<sup>-1</sup>). The weight of the rumen contents (kg of DM per 100 kg of live weight: kg DM.100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>LW) were superior in bovine that grazed in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>prairies that in those grazing the B. pertusa pastures (3.1,7 vs.2.72 kg DM.100 kg<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>PV). In the rainy season the heifers had greater consumption of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>than of B. repens (2,01 vs. 1,44 kg DM 100 kg<sup>-1</sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>LW). Nevertheless in the dry season, DM consumption was greater in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(7.72 vs. 0 9 kg MS.100 kg<sup>-1<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></sup>LW, respectively). Greater (P<0,01) legume DM intake was observed during the dry (27.9%) that during the rainy season (21.4%) During the rainy season, the heifers in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>had greater weight gains (588 g/day) than those in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. pertusa</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(378 g/day). During the dry season, weight gains with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. repens</em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>descended gradually to a low of 113 g/day, while with<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em>B. putusa</em>, losses of -115 to -640 g/day were observed at the end of the dry season.</span></p>
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