Degradation and antibacterial properties of magnesium alloys in artificial urine for potential resorbable ureteral stent applications

Lock, Jaclyn Y.; Wyatt, E. I.; Upadhyayula, Srigokul; Whall, Andrew; Nuñez, Vicente; Vullev, Valentine I.; Liu, Huinan

doi:10.1002/jbm.a.34741

Cited by 137 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Studies have found that several minutes after the ureteral stent was transplanted, salts and other substances in urine would deposit on the ureteral stent and create good conditions for the fix planting of bacteria. Urinary tract pathogens such as E. coli, Proteus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus would be fixed on the surface of the ureteral stent within 24 h, and form a bacterial biofilm [16,17]. The literature presents a variety of rates related to bacterial stent colonization, but there was no statistical difference between the patients with colonization and those without in terms of age, gender, and reason for stent insertion [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Bacterial Biofilm on Ureteral Stent and Studies on the Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Resistance

et al. 2018

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Objective: This study aims to observe the morphological characteristics of bacterial biofilm on the surface of ureteral stents and analyze distribution characteristics of pathogens on the bacterial biofilm and drug resistance. Methods: Ureteral stents were sampled from 129 patients. A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphological characteristics of bacterial biofilms, and the Congo red medium was applied to screen bacterial biofilm strains on the renal pelvis section, ureter section, and bladder section respectively. Urine culture was performed, and the drug sensitive test analysis was carried out for the pathogenic bacteria detected. Results: Bacterial biofilms can be observed on the surface of ureteral stents, and these bacteria are embraced by large amounts of fiber membranes. A total of 107 patients were found to be positive for biofilms with a positive rate of 82.9%. The positive rates of the bladder section, ureter section, renal pelvis section, and urine culture were 85.0, 42.9, 67.3, and 24.3% respectively. Pathogenic bacteria mainly concentrated on Escherichia coli, and the drug resistance rate of the bacterial biofilm strains on the ureteral stent was relatively higher. Conclusion: The bacterial biofilm on the ureteral stent is an important factor that induces catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Bacterial Biofilm on Ureteral Stent and Studies on the Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Resistance

et al. 2018

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“…In this study, artificial urine (AU) was used as an immersion solution. It was also noted in this study that human urine is much more variable in ionic composition between patients than blood or blood plasma [99]. Another application that could be considered is that of a Mg biliary stent, which has recently been investigated in vivo [100].…”

Section: Consideration For Other Bodily Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The work of Lock et al [99] provides a good example of this during their investigation of an Mg-Y alloy stent for use in the urine tract. In this study, artificial urine (AU) was used as an immersion solution.…”

Section: Consideration For Other Bodily Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

2017

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The factors that influence magnesium (Mg) corrosion in vitro are systematically evaluated from a review of the relevant literature. We analysed the influence of the following factors on Mg biocorrosion in vitro: (i) inorganic ions, including both anions and cations, (ii) organic components such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins, and (iii) experimental parameters such as temperature, pH, buffer system and flow rate. Considerations and recommendations towards a standardised approach to in vitro biocorrosion testing are given. Several potential simulated body fluids are recommended. Implementing a standardised approach to experimental parameters has the potential to significantly reduce variability between in vitro biocorrosion tests, and to help build towards a methodology that accurately and consistently mimics in vivo corrosion. However, there are also knowledge gaps with regard to how best to characterise the in vivo environment and corrosion mechanism. The assumption that blood plasma is the correct bodily fluid upon which to base in vitro methodologies is examined, and factors that influence the corrosion mechanism in vivo, such as specimen encapsulation, bear consideration for further studies.

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“…Magnesium is promising for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as temporary tissue engineering scaffolds, fixation devices used in orthopedic, spinal and craniomaxillofacial surgeries, cardiovascular stents, and urological stents and catheters [1,2]. Generally, these devices only serve temporary functions in the body and should degrade and disappear when no longer needed.…”

Section: Magnesium As a Novel Biomaterials And Mechanism Of Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on magnesium degradation under flow versus static conditions using a novel impedance-driven flow apparatus

David

Liu

2014

Progress in Natural Science: Materials International

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This article reports a novel impedance-driven flow apparatus and its applicability for studying magnesium degradation under flow versus static conditions. Magnesium has potential to be an effective biomaterial for use inside the human body due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. Magnesium undergoes degradation reactions in aqueous solutions such as body fluids, leading to mass loss and pH increase of the surrounding fluid. To compare the degradation process of magnesium under flow versus static conditions, a novel flow apparatus consisting of an impedance pump and a flow chamber was designed and constructed. In addition to low-cost, this apparatus is flexible to be sterilized and assembled, and is small enough for use inside an incubator, making it appealing for measuring and comparing magnesium degradation in vitro under flow versus static conditions. The average flow rate in this flow apparatus was 2.8 ml/s, mimicking the flow rate (2.6 ml/s) in coronary artery. In a simulated body fluid (SBF), magnesium samples lost their mass at a much faster rate under the flow condition than that under the static condition. Starting with a pH of 7.4, the SBF showed a pH increase to 8.5 under the flow condition within 96 h due to the degradation of magnesium, greater than the pH increase under the static condition.The results of this study demonstrated the effects of fluid flow on magnesium degradation using the impedance-driven flow apparatus, providing useful design guidelines for magnesium-based implants that may be exposed to body fluid flow.

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Degradation and antibacterial properties of magnesium alloys in artificial urine for potential resorbable ureteral stent applications

Cited by 137 publications

References 51 publications

Observations of Bacterial Biofilm on Ureteral Stent and Studies on the Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Resistance

Observations of Bacterial Biofilm on Ureteral Stent and Studies on the Distribution of Pathogenic Bacteria and Drug Resistance

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

Investigation on magnesium degradation under flow versus static conditions using a novel impedance-driven flow apparatus

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