Degradation and fate of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and its intermediates treated with Mg/Cu bimetal: Surface examination with XAS, DFT, and LDI-MS

Modeling the Role in pH on Contaminant Sequestration by Zerovalent Metals: Chromate Reduction by Zerovalent Magnesium

“…Partial exceptions to this include recent studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) reduction by Mg/Cu and TCE reduction by nano ZVMg, both of which included some detailed characterization of the material surfaces, but mainly they focused on the contaminant reduction pathway and kinetics. 32,33 Since there are many potentially important differences between the environmental chemistry of ZVMg and ZVI (or ZVZ), e.g., as identified in our previous work, 18,19 greater attention to this aspect will be needed to fully assess the potential for ZVMg applications in water treatment.…”

“…More recently, other approaches to maximizing or maintaining the reactivity of ZVMg with contaminants (again mainly vs chlorinated aromatics) have been investigated, such as combination of ZVMg with forms of activated carbon, − activation with ultrasonication or mechanochemical mixing, − or implementation in mixed-solvent media. − These studies put relatively little emphasis on how the inorganic chemistry of ZVMg influences its reactions with specific contaminants and its overall performance under geochemical conditions. Partial exceptions to this include recent studies of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) reduction by Mg/Cu and TCE reduction by nano ZVMg, both of which included some detailed characterization of the material surfaces, but mainly they focused on the contaminant reduction pathway and kinetics. , Since there are many potentially important differences between the environmental chemistry of ZVMg and ZVI (or ZVZ), e.g., as identified in our previous work, , greater attention to this aspect will be needed to fully assess the potential for ZVMg applications in water treatment.…”

Electrochemical Destruction of Insensitive High Explosives Using Magnéli Phase Titanium Oxide Reactive Electrochemical Membranes

“…14,15 Other studies found 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN) as the final product of DNAN when using reductive treatment strategies. 12,13,17,26 However, the amine groups in DAAN can react with reactive oxygen species (e.g., OH • ) to form nitrosamine and nitroamines, 27 which are carcinogenic compounds. 28,29 Photodegradation of DNAN resulted in the production of nitrate, nitrite, and nitro-and dinitro-phenols, which doubled the solution toxicity as measured by Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia).…”

“…Various emerging treatment strategies have been investigated for IHEs. For example, electrochemical reduction, chemical reduction using bimetallic and zerovalent iron particles, − biological degradation, − photochemical degradation, , alkaline hydrolysis, and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) , have been applied to treat aqueous DNAN solutions. While these studies demonstrated DNAN destruction to varying extents, several of the treatment strategies have serious drawbacks.…”

“…While these studies demonstrated DNAN destruction to varying extents, several of the treatment strategies have serious drawbacks. For instance, reductive treatment using Fe/Cu and Mg-based bimetals achieved complete destruction, but degradation products were not reported. , Other studies found 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN) as the final product of DNAN when using reductive treatment strategies. ,,, However, the amine groups in DAAN can react with reactive oxygen species (e.g., OH • ) to form nitrosamine and nitroamines, which are carcinogenic compounds. , Photodegradation of DNAN resulted in the production of nitrate, nitrite, and nitro- and dinitro-phenols, which doubled the solution toxicity as measured by Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia). , Moreover, nitrophenols are more toxic than DNAN and are listed as EPA priority pollutants…”