Degradation and Stabilization of Polyacrylamide in Polymer Flooding Conditions

Tolstikh, L. I.; Akimov, N. I.; Голубева, И. А.; Швецов, И. А.

doi:10.1080/00914039208041113

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…PAM does not revert to AMD in the natural environment upon degradation (MacWilliams, 1978). Superfloc A836 PAM degrades at rates of at least 10% year-1 as a result of physical, chemical, biological and photochemical processes and reactions (Tolstikh et al, 1992). Because PAM is highly susceptible to UV degradation, its breakdown rate when applied at the soil surface for erosion control may be faster than the abovecited 10% year-1 reported rate, which was for biological degradation of PAM mixed into a large soil volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAM degradation in soil was found to be approximately 10% year-1 (Barvenik, 1994;Tolstikh et al, 1992). Degradation of the acrylamide monomer (AMD) is fairly rapid (Lande et al, 1979;Shanker et al, 1990;Kay-Shoemake et al, 1998a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the PAM contains approximately 41.5% C and 17.7% N PAM treatments received 465 kg C ha-1 and 199 kg N ha-1 each year while receiving 897 kg PAM (Table 2). Since Superfloc 836A polyacrylamide degrades at approximately 10% year -1 in soil (Tolstikh et al, 1992), we estimated the amount of PAM present in the soil for each year (Table 2).…”

Section: Polyacrylamide Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of high application rates of polyacrylamide on microbial metabolic potential in an agricultural soil

Sojka

Entry

Fuhrmann

2006

Applied Soil Ecology

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Water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) is a highly effective erosion preventing and infiltration enhancing polymer, when applied at rates of 1-10 g 111-3 in furrow irrigation water. PAM greatly reduces sediment, nutrients, pesticides and coliform bacteria in irrigation runoff. There has been some concern about the potential for PAM accumulation to affect microbial ecology. We ran a long-term study applying massive quantities of PAM

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyacrylamide Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of high application rates of polyacrylamide on microbial metabolic potential in an agricultural soil

Sojka

Entry

Fuhrmann

2006

Applied Soil Ecology

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“…AMD is a neurotoxin, but PAMs below these AMD contents are safe, when used as directed at low concentrations (Barvenik, 1994). In soil, PAM degrades at rates of at least 10% per year as a result of physical, chemical, biological and photochemical processes and reactions (Tolstikh et al, 1992;Wallace et al, 1986;Azzam et al, 1983). Because PAM is highly susceptible to UV degradation, its breakdown rate when applied at the soil surface for erosion control may be faster than the earlier-cited 10% per year reported rate, which was for biological degradation of PAM mixed into a large soil volume.…”

Section: Environmental and Safety Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants

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Sojka

Watwood

et al. 2002

Environmental Pollution

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"Capsule": Polyacrylamide preparations show promise in reducing flow of sediments, nutrients and microorganisms from animal production facilities. AbstractWaste streams associated with a variety of agricultural runoff sources are major contributors of nutrients, pesticides and enteric microorganisms to surface and ground waters. Water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) was found to be a highly effective erosion-preventing and infiltration-enhancing polymer, when applied at rates of 1-10 g m-3 in furrow irrigation water. Water flowing from PAM treated irrigation furrows show large reductions in sediment, nutrients and pesticides. Recently PAM and PAM + Ca0 and PAM + Al(SO4)3 mixtures have been shown to filter bacteria, fungi and nutrients from animal wastewater. Low concentrations of PAM [175-350 g PAM ha-' as PAM or as PAM + Ca0 and PAM + Al(SO 4) mixture] applied to the soil surface, resulted in dramatic decreases (10 fold) of total, coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria in cattle, fish and swine wastewater leachate and surface runoff. PAM treatment also filtered significant amounts of NH4, PO4 and total P in cattle and swine wastewater. This points to the potential of developing PAM as a water quality protection measure in combination with large-scale animal feeding operations. Potential benefits of PAM treatment of animal facility waste streams include: (1) low cost, (2) easy and quick application, (3) suitability for use with other pollution reduction techniques. Research on the efficacy of PAM for removal of protozoan parasites and viruses and more thorough assessment of PAM degradation in different soils is still needed to completely evaluate PAM treatment as an effective waste water treatment. We will present analysis and feasibility of using PAM, PAM + Al(SO4)3 , and PAM + CaO application for specific applications. Our results demonstrate their potential efficacy in reducing sediment, nutrients and microorganisms from animal production facility effluents. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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“…Because UV and shear forces have been shown to reduce chain length (Tolstikh et al, 1992;Randby, 1993), smaller PAM molecules and UV-treated PAM solutions were used in efforts to enrich for organisms capable of utilizing these molecules for C. Treatment with UV radiation did effectively reduce PAM chain length as determined by size-exclusion HPLC (data not shown). However, the smaller PAM molecules, of MW as low as 3 000-4 000, or the UV-treated PAM preparations were not able to support bacterial growth as sole C source (data not shown).…”

Section: Carbon Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyacrylamide as an organic nitrogen source for soil microorganisms with potential effects on inorganic soil nitrogen in agricultural soil

Kay-Shoemake

Watwood

Lentz

et al. 1998

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

135

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Summary-Linear polyacrylamide (PAM) is gaining considerable acceptance as an effective anti-erosion additive in irrigation water. The potential effects of repeated PAM application on soil microbial ecology and the potential for biotransformation of this polymer in soils are not completely known. Untreated and PAM-treated soils (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthids) were collected from agricultural fields near Kimberly, ID. Soils were analyzed to determine the effects of PAM treatment on bacterial counts and inorganic N concentrations and the potential for PAM biotransformation. Culturable heterotrophic bacterial numbers were significantly elevated in PAM-treated soil for the plot planted to potatoes; this effect was not observed in the plot planted to dry pink beans. Total bacterial numbers, determined by AODC, were not altered by PAM treatment in any of the soils sampled. Polyacrylamide-treated soil planted to potatoes contained significantly higher concentrations of NO3 and NH 3 (36.7 ± 2.20 and 1.30 ± 0.3 mg kg-I , respectively) than did untreated soil (10.7 ± 2.30 and 0.50 ± 0.02 mg kg-I , respectively). For bean field soil there was no difference between treated and untreated soil inorganic N concentrations. Enrichment cultures generated from PAM-treated and untreated soils utilized PAM as sole N source, but not as sole C source. While the monomeric constituents of PAM, acrylamide and acrylic acid, both supported bacterial growth as sole C source, the PAM polymer did not. Enrichment cultures that used PAM for N exhibited amidase activity specific for PAM as well as smaller aliphatic amides. Utilization of PAM for N, but not for C, indicates that ultimately PAM may be converted into long chain polyacrylate, which may be further degraded by physical and biological mechanisms or be incorporated into organic matter. (0

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Degradation and Stabilization of Polyacrylamide in Polymer Flooding Conditions

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

The influence of high application rates of polyacrylamide on microbial metabolic potential in an agricultural soil

The influence of high application rates of polyacrylamide on microbial metabolic potential in an agricultural soil

Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants

Polyacrylamide as an organic nitrogen source for soil microorganisms with potential effects on inorganic soil nitrogen in agricultural soil

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