Degradation and transformation products of acetaminophen in soil

Plant uptake of pharmaceutical and personal care products from recycled water and biosolids: a review

“…14 C-naproxen and 14 C-diclofenac were found to be mainly (up to 50-80%) mineralized to 14 CO 2 in different soils (Dodgen et al, 2014;Topp et al, 2008), while only a small part of 14 C-carbamazepine (b1.2%) and 14 C-acetaminophen (17%) were mineralized . Some metabolites of pharmaceuticals in soils were identified by using a combination of techniques, including 14 C labeling, LC fractionation, and LC-MS/MS structural elucidation (Dodgen et al, 2014;Li et al, 2013Li et al, , 2014. It was reported that acetaminophen was rapidly converted to various metabolites in soils , while slow and limited transformation was observed for carbamazepine .…”

“…It was reported that irrigation with treated wastewater had no discernable effect on the biodegradation of PPCPs in soil (Grossberger et al, 2014), whereas biosolids amendment generally inhibited the degradation of PPCPs (Monteiro and Boxall, 2009;Li et al, 2013Li et al, , 2014, therefore prolonging their persistence in soil. The reason for this inhibition of degradation may be that biosolids amendment usually increases the organic matter content in soil, leading to increased sorption of PPCPs to soil (and hence decreased bioavailability) .…”

Characterization, optimization and kinetics study of acetaminophen degradation by Bacillus drentensis strain S1 and waste water degradation analysis

“…AK-4 have the capability to degrade aminophenol into 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene with the intermediate of 1,4-hydroxybenzene (Zhang et al 2013). The biodegradation of APAP by soil microorganisms occurs by the cleavage of aromatic ring of APAP into 3-hydroxyacetaminophen and N-acetyl benzoquinoneimine and this occurs by the mechanisms involving hydroxylation, methylation and oxygenation reactions (Li et al 2014). The bacterium plays a vital role in the APAP degradation and contributes to eco-friendly environment (Hu et al 2013).…”

Burmese Pythons

“…Generally, environmental water sampling has shown acetaminophen and other analgesic pharmaceuticals to be two to four orders of magnitude lower than the no-observedeffects-levels (NOELs) for humans. Acetaminophen is rapidly bound and detoxi ed in soil, decreasing potential for off-site runoff or leaching into groundwater (Li et al 2014). The environmental load for acetaminophen at anticipated eld delivery rates was considered not to represent a human health or environmental risk (Schwab et al 2005;Kim et al 2007).…”