“…In 1961, the semi-empirical efforts developed by Walter Shockley and Hans Quesisser detailed the balance model to calculate the efficiency of solar cells, which depicted that a crystalline Si solar cell has the maximum theoretical efficiency of ~30% [ 2 ]. In order to obtain high conversion efficiency and low-cost solar cells, some alternative designs have been introduced, including the use of low-cost substrates, novel material systems, or the inclusion of nanostructures, such as dye-sensitized cells [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], perovskite cells [ 7 , 8 ], group III-V multi-junction cells [ 9 ], quantum wells [ 10 ], and superlattice cells [ 11 ]. Dye-sensitized and perovskite cells have been proposed due to their high conversion efficiency and low-cost applications.…”