Degradation in lithium ion battery current collectors

Abstract

Lithium ion battery (LIB) technology is the state-of-the-art rechargeable energy storage technology for electric vehicles, stationary energy storage and personal electronics. However, a wide variety of degradation effects still contribute to performance limitations. The metallic copper and aluminium current collectors in an LIB can be subject to dissolution or other reactions with the electrolytes. Corrosion of these metal foils is significantly detrimental to the overall performance of an LIB, however the mechanisms of this degradation are poorly understood. This review summarises the key effects contributing to metal current collector degradation in LIBs as well as introduces relevant corrosion and LIB principles. By developing the understanding of these complex chemistries, LIB degradation can be mitigated, enabling safer operation and longer lifetimes.

The Role of Ion Solvation in Lithium Mediated Nitrogen Reduction

“…It is therefore likely that the more concentrated electrolytes result in a greater level of degradation in the Cu electrode, which leads to more Cu in the SEI. It is likely that this problem is less severe for the Mo electrodes; Cu creates a native oxide in air which is easily removed under reducing potentials 40 , whereas we anticipate that of Mo is kinetically challenging to reduce. Nonetheless, the choice of electrode between Cu and Mo does not seem to greatly affect the Faradaic efficiency of the system (Table S1), and the Cl-Cu traces shown in figures 3(a-c) are, in general, of lower relative intensity than the other Cl containing traces, except for the 0.2 M LiClO4 sample.…”

“…with the rise in the 1M sample being steadier than that of the 0.2 and 0.6 M samples. In LiBs, transition metal dissolution in current collectors presents a significant stability issue 40 which generally increases with increasing salt concentration 41 . It is therefore likely that the more concentrated electrolytes result in a greater level of degradation in the Cu electrode, which leads to more Cu in the SEI.…”

Toward practical lithium-ion battery recycling: adding value, tackling circularity and recycling-oriented design

“…35,36 The dissolved Al is redeposited on both cathode and anode resulting in inhibition of Li intercalation, poorer structure of SEI and CEI and increasing electrical resistance. 37 Because automotive products require higher voltage electrode for higher energy density, corrosion of Al current-collector is more likely. 38 A summary schematic of mechanisms is given as Fig.…”

Bridging Multiscale Characterization Technologies and Digital Modeling to Evaluate Lithium Battery Full Lifecycle

“…[86] The continuous corrosion of current collector will lead to contact loss between active materials and current collector, resulting in resistance increase and capacity decay. [58,87]…”