Degradation in urban areas

Ferreira, Carla; Walsh, R. P. D.; Ferreira, António

doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2018.04.001

Cited by 98 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These distribution changes were in accordance to findings by [26]. Two aspects of the spatial distribution of surface PCBs are the anthropogenic PCB production and the associated discharges from land [24,26,[64][65][66][67][68]. Though their production is currently banned by the Stockholm Convention (http://www.pops.int/access 09.12.2019), these contaminants are still entering the environment via leaching and weathering from already existing products.…”

Section: Spatial-temporal Variability In Pcbsupporting

confidence: 85%

Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea

Daewel

Yakushev

Schrum

et al. 2020

Water

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Using the North Sea as a case scenario, a combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-pollutant model was applied for simulating the seasonal variability of the distribution of hydrophobic chemical pollutants in a marine water body. The model was designed in a nested framework including a hydrodynamic block (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM)), a biogeochemical block (Oxygen Depletion Model (OxyDep)), and a pollutant-partitioning block (PolPar). Pollutants can be (1) transported via advection and turbulent diffusion, (2) get absorbed and released by a dynamic pool of particulate and dissolved organic matter, and (3) get degraded. Our model results indicate that the seasonality of biogeochemical processes, including production, sinking, and decay, favors the development of hot spots with particular high pollutant concentrations in intermediate waters of biologically highly active regions and seasons, and it potentially increases the exposure of feeding fish to these pollutants. In winter, however, thermal convection homogenizes the water column and destroys the vertical stratification of the pollutant. A significant fraction of the previously exported pollutants is then returned to the water surface and becomes available for exchange with the atmosphere, potentially turning the ocean into a secondary source for pollutants. Moreover, we could show that desorption from aging organic material in the upper aphotic zone is expected to retard pollutants transfer and burial into sediments; thus, it is considerably limiting the effectiveness of the biological pump for pollutant exports.

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Section: Spatial-temporal Variability In Pcbsupporting

confidence: 85%

Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea

Daewel

Yakushev

Schrum

et al. 2020

Water

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“…The impervious surfaces of urban land use can cause land degradation and increase R u [57,59] in a region, even if the R u is primarily dictated by agricultural land (which represents 38.28% of the study area). Because water demand for crops is usually high, the increase of urban cover is a challenge for water resource management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change, Land Use/Land Cover Change, and Population Growth as Drivers of Groundwater Depletion in the Central Valleys, Oaxaca, Mexico

et al. 2019

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Groundwater depletion is an important problem driven by population growth, land use and land cover (LULC) change, climate change, and other factors. Groundwater depletion generates water stress and encourages unstainable resource use. The aim of this study is to determine how population growth, LULC change, and climate change relate to groundwater depletion in the Alto Atoyac sub-basin, Oaxaca, Mexico. Twenty-five years of dry season water table data from 1984 to 2009 are analyzed to examine annual groundwater depletion. Kriging is used to interpolate the region’s groundwater levels in a geographic information system (GIS) from mapped point measurements. An analysis of remotely sensed data revealed patterns of LULC change during a 34-year (1986–2018) period, using a supervised, machine-learning classification algorithm to calculate the changes in LULC. This analysis is shown to have an 85% accuracy. A global circulation model (GFDL-CM3) and the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used to estimate the effects of climate change on the region’s groundwater. Estimates of evapotranspiration (using HELP3.5 code) and runoff (USDA-SCS-CN), were calculated. Since 1984, the region’s mean annual temperature has increased 1.79 °C and urban areas have increased at a rate of 2.3 km2/year. Population growth has increased water consumption by 97.93 × 106 m3/year. The volume of groundwater is shrinking at a rate of 284.34 × 106 m3/year, reflecting the extreme pressure on groundwater supply in the region. This research reveals the nature of the direct impacts that climate change, changing LULCs, and population growth have in the process of groundwater depletion.

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“…Population growth has become a significant worldwide issue, with an increase in the growth rate from 30% in 1950 to 54% in 2017. The problem is particularly acute in urban areas; the United Nations predicts that in 2050, 66% of the worlds population will live in cities [1]. Public services, infrastructure, and a healthy environment are critical factors for ensuring good quality of life, and these will prove more challenging to deliver as the population grows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unified framework for data integrity protection in people-centric smart cities

Altulyan

Yao

Kanhere

et al. 2019

Multimed Tools Appl

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With the rapid increase in urbanisation, the concept of smart cities has attracted considerable attention. By leveraging emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence and cloud computing, smart cities have the potential to improve various indicators of residents quality of life.However, threats to data integrity may affect the delivery of such benefits, especially in the IoT environment where most devices are inherently dynamic and have limited resources. Prior work has focused on ensuring integrity of data in a piecemeal manner and covering only some parts of the smart city ecosystem. In this paper, we address integrity of data from an end-to-end perspective, i.e., from the data source to the data consumer. We propose a holistic framework for ensuring integrity of data in smart cities that covers the entire data lifecycle. Our framework is founded on three fundamental concepts, namely, secret sharing, fog computing and blockchain. We provide a detailed description of various components of the framework and also utilize smart healthcare as use case.

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Degradation in urban areas

Cited by 98 publications

References 46 publications

Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea

Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea

Climate Change, Land Use/Land Cover Change, and Population Growth as Drivers of Groundwater Depletion in the Central Valleys, Oaxaca, Mexico

A unified framework for data integrity protection in people-centric smart cities

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