Degradation mechanism and thermal stability of urea nitrate below the melting point

Désilets, S.; Brousseau, Patrick; Chamberland, Daniel; Singh, Shanti; Feng, Hongtu; Turcotte, Richard; Anderson, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2011.04.021

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous experiments using a standard vacuum stability test indicated that (isothermal) degradation products of urea nitrate below the melting point were composed of a mixture of ammonium nitrate, urea and biuret [6]. Adiabatic ARC calorimetry supported these vacuum stability results showing, when under confinement, that exothermic decomposition was initiated at a temperature where UN remains undissociated and in the solid state.…”

Section: Thermal Analysis and Gas Quantification Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The decomposition of UN at much higher temperatures was studied in the literature describing important parts of the decomposition mechanism [7][8][9][10][11]. Our study has found that, at 100 • C over a period of 48 h, urea nitrate degraded into a mixture of solids; ammonium nitrate, urea and biuret [6]. This degradation at 100 • C also produced gas mixtures composed of nitric acid, isocyanic acid and ammonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The use of UN as a civilian or military explosive is not advantageous partly because of its corrosive and acidic properties, and possibly due to its degradation property producing nitric acid. The decomposition of UN at much higher temperatures was studied in the literature describing important parts of the decomposition mechanism [7][8][9][10][11]. Our study has found that, at 100 • C over a period of 48 h, urea nitrate degraded into a mixture of solids; ammonium nitrate, urea and biuret [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Below the melting point the decomposition of UN produces urea, biuret, ammonium nitrate and gaseous species (ammonia, nitric acid and isocyanic acid) as supported by spectroscopy [6] and chromatography [12] studies. As described in the literature the decomposition of UN by bringing the sample in 0.25 s to 400 or 500 • C (T-jump technique) has shown a different degradation pathway [13].…”

Section: Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…However, it was found that UN dissociates to form a mixture of urea and nitric acid when dissolved in polar organic solvents such as dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or acetone [3]. Dissociation of the crystal structure to urea and nitric acid was also part of the degradation process observed at moderate temperature around 70 • C and below the melting point [6]. The use of UN as a civilian or military explosive is not advantageous partly because of its corrosive and acidic properties, and possibly due to its degradation property producing nitric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of the thermal decomposition of urea nitrate at high temperature

et al. 2011

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Section: Thermal Analysis and Gas Quantification Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Degradation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of the thermal decomposition of urea nitrate at high temperature

et al. 2011

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Environmentally Benign Solution‐Based Procedure for the Fabrication of Metal Oxide Coatings on Metallic Pigments

Bies

Hoffmann

Stöter³

et al. 2020

ChemistryOpen

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Aluminum pigments were coated with Fe2O3 and CuO by solution‐based thermal decomposition of the urea nitrate compounds hexakisureairon(III)nitrate and tetrakisureacopper(II)nitrate. The deposition process was optimized to obtain homogeneously coated aluminum pigments. The growth of the surface coatings was controlled by investigation with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and static light scattering as well as infrared, X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The iron precursor showed an incomplete decomposition in solution, incorporating traces of urea molecules inside the coatings while the copper precursor showed complete dissociation accompanied by in situ formation of amine complexes. The amount of organic residues resulting from ligand fragments in the final oxide coatings could be reduced to 22 % for the iron oxide and 12 % for the copper oxide by further temperature treatment in solution (259 °C). Colorimetric investigations of the obtained pigments revealed an excellent hiding power, outperforming the pigments used in current state‐of‐the‐art formulations.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Urea Nitrate and Nitrourea

Oxley¹,

Smith²,

Vadlamannati³

et al. 2013

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Urea nitrate (UN) has not found use as a legitimate explosive but is commonly used as an improvised explosive. The dehydration product of UN is nitrourea (NU). Visually both UN and NU are white solids that both melt around 160 °C. Other properties differ markedly as might be expected from an inorganic salt (UN) and an organic molecular compound (NU). An extensive physical characterization of NU and UN is reported. Two reported routes to the NU product are compared and a decomposition mechanism of UN proposed.

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Degradation mechanism and thermal stability of urea nitrate below the melting point

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Analyses of the thermal decomposition of urea nitrate at high temperature

Analyses of the thermal decomposition of urea nitrate at high temperature

Environmentally Benign Solution‐Based Procedure for the Fabrication of Metal Oxide Coatings on Metallic Pigments

Synthesis and Characterization of Urea Nitrate and Nitrourea

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