Degradation mechanisms of siloxane-based thermal interface materials under reliability stress conditions

Dal, Serkan

doi:10.1109/relphy.2004.1315386

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The weak point of these coatings, however, is the bonding at the interface between the Si-substrate and the silane molecules. This type of silicon−oxygen bond has been considered susceptible to hydrolysis in humid or aqueous conditions. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Annealing on Improved Hydrophobicity of Vapor Phase Deposited Self-Assembled Monolayers

et al. 2008

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The hydrolytic stability and the effect of annealing on the improved aging properties of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) hydrophobic coatings have been investigated. Surfaces coated with hydrophobic SAM coatings give higher flow rate and are of wide interest to researchers in the area of microfluidics. Hydrophobic SAM of fluorooctyltrichlorosilane (FOTS) was deposited on silicon by using a vapor phase technique. The aging of the hydrophobic property was examined by using contact angle measurements. It has been found that while such a monolayer suffers from a loss of hydrophobicity with time, annealing can partially recover the hydrophobicity. The mechanism of aging was investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which revealed very little chemical change in annealed monolayers. Surface roughness and morphological changes due to hydrolytic attack was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A spontaneous formation of silane mounds on the surface of the monolayers was found. These mounds have been irreversibly transformed from initially uniform hydrophobic surface layers. It is highly probable that the compliance of these mounds can reasonably allow hydrophilic microcapillaries to be located around the mounds. Interestingly, the density of these mounds decreases when the monolayer samples are annealed, with no significant chemical change. This novel finding explains the observed recovery of hydrophobicity of the monolayers as primarily a morphological effect that originates from the densification of the monolayers upon annealing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of silicon-oxygen bond has been considered susceptible to hydrolysis in humid or aqueous conditions. 23,24 The stability of the monolayers in air is excellent. However, upon immersion in water, the film rapidly degrades over time as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Stability Of Films In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Annealing on Improved Hydrophobicity of Vapor Phase Deposited Self-Assembled Monolayers

et al. 2008

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“…Very importantly, they may or may not employ a high humidity environment to simulate important moisture interactions. The performance of TIMs in this test varies greatly depending on the TIM and junction materials, showing both enhanced and hindered performance over the course of treatment [258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265]. Likewise, a TIM can either experience enhancement from humidity resultant from increased wetting or experience harm the adhesion ability of the polymer matrix [259,266].The lack of consistency in this type of procedure has numerous causes from differences in the procedure, different materials, chemical degradation, and physical form changes.…”

Section: Lifespan Reliability and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Graphene-based Thermal Polymer Nanocomposites: Current State of the Art and Future Prospects

Lewis¹,

Perrier²,

Barani³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We review the current state-of-the-art of graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials for the management of heat the next generation of electronics. Increased integration densities, speed, and power of electronic and optoelectronic devices require thermal interface materials with substantially higher thermal conductivity, improved reliability, and lower cost. Graphene has emerged as a promising filler material that can meet the demands of future high-speed and highpowered electronics. This review describes the use of graphene as a filler in curing and non-curing polymer matrices. Special attention is given to strategies for achieving the thermal percolation threshold with its corresponding characteristic increase in the overall thermal conductivity. Many applications require high thermal conductivity of the composites while simultaneously preserving electrical insulation. A hybrid filler graphene and boron nitride approach is presented as possible technology for independent control of electrical and thermal conduction. Reliability and lifespan performance of thermal interface materials is an important consideration towards the determination of appropriate practical applications. The present review addresses these issues in detail, demonstrating the promise of the graphene-enhanced thermal interface materials as compared to alternative technologies.

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“…No pump‐out issue occurred because the cure reactions of gel‐type TIM to generate cross linking and easily adhere to the surfaces of heat spreader and die by hydrogen bonding. Dal described the degradation behavior of siloxane‐based TIM and presented the failure mechanism and material analysis findings when exposed to different reliability stresses such as (1) bake at high temperature; (2) moisture exposure; and (3) temperature plus moisture exposure 8 . The degradation by heat is the hardening of the bulk polymer.…”

Section: An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) moisture exposure; and (3) temperature plus moisture exposure. 8 The degradation by heat is the hardening of the bulk polymer. A thermal decomposition reaction occurs, the siloxane chain is shortened, and a cyclic compound is formed.…”

Section: An Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Evaluation for Long-Term Stability of Thermal Interface Material

Chen

Pan

et al. 2009

Experimental Techniques

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Degradation mechanisms of siloxane-based thermal interface materials under reliability stress conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Annealing on Improved Hydrophobicity of Vapor Phase Deposited Self-Assembled Monolayers

Effect of Annealing on Improved Hydrophobicity of Vapor Phase Deposited Self-Assembled Monolayers

Review of Graphene-based Thermal Polymer Nanocomposites: Current State of the Art and Future Prospects

Practical Evaluation for Long-Term Stability of Thermal Interface Material

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