“…The urine itself did not influence or overlap with the fluorescenceo ft he QDs, even thoughi tc ontained many biologicalc omponents, including nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins.A long with PQ,t he other most-commonlyu sed herbicides in crop fields are 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid( 2,4,5-T). [40,41] Therefore, it is also importantt oc heck the cross-reactive response of QDs toward 2,4-D and 2,4,5-Ti n dilute urine to avoid false positive results. Importantly,n either of these herbicides interfered with the detection of PQ (Figure 7b).…”