Degradation of 4-amylphenol and 4-hexylphenol by a new activated sludge isolate of Pseudomonas veronii and proposal for a new subspecies status

Ajithkumar, Bindu; Ajithkumar, Vasudevan P.; Iriye, Ryozo

doi:10.1016/s0923-2508(02)00009-8

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…strain KL28 is an alkylphenol degrader, which can assimilate 4-n-alkylphenols with a side chain length of C 1 -C 5 . The range of compounds that are degraded by strain KL28 is similar to that found for an activated sludge isolate of Pseudomonas veronii INA06 (Ajithkumar et al, 2003), which can assimilate phenol, p-cresol and other 4-n-alkylphenols (C 3 -C 6 ). However, because strains KL28 and INA06 cannot use octyl-or nonylphenol as a carbon source, they are distinguished from other strains which catabolize these chemicals and have been identified mainly as Sphingomonas (Fujii et al, 2000;Tanghe et al, 1999Tanghe et al, , 2000 and as cold-adapted Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas (Soares et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Studies on the microbial degradation of higher alkylphenols will provide important information to supplement results obtained from simple phenols. To date, the microbial degradation of higher alkylphenols has been studied in pure cultures, which show that microbial degradation is initiated at the phenolic moiety, rather than at the alkyl chain (Ajithkumar et al, 2003;Fujii et al, 2000;Soares et al, 2003;Tanghe et al, 1999Tanghe et al, , 2000. However, no information is available on the degradation pathway and the bacterial catabolic genes for higher alkylphenols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3- and 4-alkylphenol degradation pathway in Pseudomonas sp. strain KL28: genetic organization of the lap gene cluster and substrate specificities of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2003

Microbiology

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The enzymes and genes responsible for the catabolism of higher alkylphenols have not been characterized in aerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas sp. strain KL28 can utilize a wide range of alkylphenols, which include the 4-n-alkylphenols (C 1 -C 5 ). The genes, designated as lap (for long-chain alkylphenols), encoding enzymes for the catabolic pathway were cloned from chromosomal DNA and sequenced. The lap genes are located in a 13?2 kb region with 14 ORFs in the order lapRBKLMNOPCEHIFG and with the same transcriptional orientation. The lapR gene is transcribed independently and encodes a member of the XylR/DmpR positive transcriptional regulators. lapB, the first gene in the lap operon, encodes catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O). The lapKLMNOP and lapCEHIFG genes encode a multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mPH) and enzymes that degrade derivatives of 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (HMS) to TCA cycle intermediates, respectively. The P lapB promoter contains motifs at positions "24(GG) and "12(GC) which are typically found in s 54 -dependent promoters. A promoter assay using a P lapB : : gfp transcriptional fusion plasmid showed that lapB promoter activity is inducible and that it responds to a wide range of (alkyl)phenols. The structural genes encoding enzymes required for this catabolism are similar (42-69 %) to those encoded on a catabolic pVI150 plasmid from an archetypal phenol degrader, Pseudomonas sp. CF600. However, the lap locus does not include genes encoding HMS hydrolase and ferredoxin. The latter is known to be functionally associated with C23O for use of 4-alkylcatechols as substrates. The arrangement of the lap catabolic genes is not commonly found in other meta-cleavage operons. Substrate specificity studies show that mPH preferentially oxidizes 3-and 4-alkylphenols to 4-alkylcatechols. C23O preferentially oxidizes 4-alkylcatechols via proximal (2,3) cleavage. This indicates that these two key enzymes have unique substrate preferences and lead to the establishment of the initial steps of the lap pathway in strain KL28. INTRODUCTIONPhenol is produced naturally by the breakdown of plant materials during microbial degradation. In contrast, phenols with bulky alkyl group(s) that are found in the environment originate predominantly from anthropogenic sources. For instance, nonyl-and octylphenol are pollutants that are commonly found in aquatic environments. They are recalcitrant intermediates that are formed during the microbial breakdown of alkylphenol ethoxylates (Ferguson et al., 2001;Giger et al., 1984). Alkylphenol 3Present address: KOMED Co., Yatap 151, Bundang, Sungnam, Kyunggi, Korea.The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this study are AY324319 (the partial sequence of 16S rDNA) and AY324644 (orf1lapRBKLMNOPCEHIFG).Abbreviations: C12O, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase; C23O, catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; GFP, green fluorescent protein; HMS, 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde; IHF, integration host factor; lap, long-chain alkylphenol; mPH, multicomponent phenol hydroxylase. ethoxylates are highly effec...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3- and 4-alkylphenol degradation pathway in Pseudomonas sp. strain KL28: genetic organization of the lap gene cluster and substrate specificities of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase

Jeong

Kim

et al. 2003

Microbiology

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“…Members of the genus are ubiquitous in soil, water and many other natural habitats (Palleroni, 1992). Due to their ability to utilize a broad spectrum of organic compounds (Stanier et al, 1966), including environmental pollutants (Wackett, 2001), they belong to the biodegrading microflora (Andersen et al, 2000;Fujii et al, 2000;Pandey et al, 2002;Ajithkumar et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas moraviensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas vranovensis sp. nov., soil bacteria isolated on nitroaromatic compounds, and emended description of Pseudomonas asplenii

Tvrzová

Schümann

Spröer

et al. 2006

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Two strains of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from soil by selective enrichment with nitroaromatics were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the two strains were found to belong to the genus Pseudomonas, within the Gammaproteobacteria. Strain 1B4T shared the highest sequence similarity with Pseudomonas koreensis DSM 16610T (99.5 %) and Pseudomonas jessenii CCM 4840T (99.3 %), and strain 2B2T with Pseudomonas asplenii DSM 17133T (98.9 %), Pseudomonas fuscovaginae DSM 7231T (98.9 %) and Pseudomonas putida DSM 291T (98.7 %). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotype, including chemotaxonomic characteristics, two novel species, Pseudomonas moraviensis sp. nov. with the type strain 1B4T (=CCM 7280T=DSM 16007T) and Pseudomonas vranovensis sp. nov. with the type strain 2B2T (=CCM 7279T=DSM 16006T), are proposed. The description of P. asplenii was emended on the basis of additional data obtained in this study.

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“…(98%), and had microbial characteristics of butyl benzyl phthalate degradation (Chatterjee and Dutta, 2003). T2 was identified to Pseudomonas veronii (100%), a long chain alkylphenol-degrading bacterium reported in previous work (Ajithkumar et al, 2003). T3 was assigned to Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Dominant Bacteria In the Bioreactormentioning

confidence: 84%

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and toluene in a bioreactor: Performance and characteristics of microbial community

Gao

Liu

2011

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Degradation of 4-amylphenol and 4-hexylphenol by a new activated sludge isolate of Pseudomonas veronii and proposal for a new subspecies status

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

3- and 4-alkylphenol degradation pathway in Pseudomonas sp. strain KL28: genetic organization of the lap gene cluster and substrate specificities of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase

3- and 4-alkylphenol degradation pathway in Pseudomonas sp. strain KL28: genetic organization of the lap gene cluster and substrate specificities of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase

Pseudomonas moraviensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas vranovensis sp. nov., soil bacteria isolated on nitroaromatic compounds, and emended description of Pseudomonas asplenii

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and toluene in a bioreactor: Performance and characteristics of microbial community

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