Degradation of a footwall fault block with hanging-wall fault propagation in a continental-lacustrine setting: How a new structural model impacted field development plans, the Sirikit field, Thailand

Morley, C.K.; Ionnikoff, Yarick; Pinyochon, Nantavan; Seusutthiya, Krongpol

doi:10.1306/06280707014

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The Chum Saeng Formation comprises lacustrine shales that interfinger with and overlie the Lan Krabu Formation. The part of the Chum Saeng Formation that overlies the Lan Krabu Formation forms a packet of high-amplitude relatively continuous reflections and is known as the main seal because it caps key hydrocarbon accumulations (e.g., Morley et al, 2007aMorley et al, , 2007b. Horizon MS is mapped as the top of the main seal, and the seismic character of the horizon correlates well with synthetic seismogram results.…”

Section: Interpretation Horizon Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In the Sukhothai depression (a subbasin of the Phitsanulok Basin) the late Oligocene-Neogene half-graben basin fill is as much as 8 km thick (Knox and Wakefield 1983;Flint et al, 1988). This basin overlies the suture between the Sibumasu and Indochina continental blocks and was formed in an intracratonic extensional to transtensional setting (Morley et al, 2007a(Morley et al, , 2007b(Morley et al, , 2011. The sedimentary fill is continental and ranges from Oligocene alluvial fan and alluvial plain deposits (early rift stage), through early to mid-Miocene lacustrine and alluvial plain sediments (main rift stage) to late Miocene alluvial plain and alluvial fan sequences (late rift stage; Fig.…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lacustrine source rock produces a waxy, low-sulfur, high-pour-point crude that is light (American Petroleum Institute gravity degree, 40° API) in the Sirikit field (Knox and Wakefield, 1983) but heavy (17°-23° API) in shallower accumulations due to bacterial degradation. The main play consists of fault-bound structural traps or structuralstratigraphic traps involving fluvio-deltaic sands of the Lan Krabu Formation, which is sealed by lacustrine shales of the Chum Saeng Formation, and is trapped by fault-bound structures (Bal et al, 1992;Morley et al, 2007aMorley et al, , 2007b. E-A01 C-A01…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sill emplacement during rifting and inversion from three-dimensional seismic and well data, Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand

et al. 2017

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The Cenozoic Phitsanulok rift basin (Thailand) is extensively affected by igneous intrusions and lava flows. In the Ruang Thong-Sai Ngam area, the E-A01 well drilled the early Miocene synrift Lan Krabu Formation, and unexpectedly encountered a 300-m-thick olivine dolerite sill (sill 3). The top and base of the sill are characterized by medium-to low-amplitude contrasts, atypical for most (high amplitude) responses from intrusions. Seismic interpretation, artificial neural networks, and model-based inversion were used to understand the seismic response of the intrusions. Two key factors combined to mask sill 3: (1) stacking of common depth point gathers resulted in lower amplitudes at the top and base of the sill, and (2) multiple intruded sills separated by thin shales caused internal reflectivity. Using the sill geometries, sill stratigraphic position, and inferred magma flow directions from broken bridges, an estimate of the relative timing of the sills, and the local stress orientations at the time of displacement was made. Three sills are inferred to have been emplaced during the Miocene when the maximum horizontal stress direction (Shmax) was north-south and two were emplaced during the Miocene when the stress direction was approximately east-west. Such orientations are compatible with known phases of Miocene inversion (east-west Shmax) and extension (northsouth Shmax), although local stress changes associated with igneous bodies could also explain rotation to an east-west Shmax.

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Section: Interpretation Horizon Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sill emplacement during rifting and inversion from three-dimensional seismic and well data, Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand

et al. 2017

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“…Degradation complexes associated with normal faults typically occur in basement‐involved rift‐related faults, where erosion and gravitational instability associated with footwall uplift reworks part of the footwall into the hangingwall by erosion, rotational faults and slides (e.g. Hesthammer & Fossen, ; McLeod & Underhill, ; Stewart & Reeds, ; Morley et al ., ). The Karewa Fault MTD can also be viewed as a degradation complex, but it differs from the rift‐related ones because growth faults that detach within the sedimentary section are not associated with footwall uplift unless there is some diapiric activity involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Link between growth faulting and initiation of a mass transport deposit in the northern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

2017

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The Neogene section in the northern Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand, displays an interaction among prograding clinoforms, listric growth faults formed at the base of slope and mass transport deposits that fill the growth fault depocentres. This study focuses on one of these systems, the Karewa Fault and mass transport deposit (MTD), in order to understand the genetic relationship between the fault and the MTD in its hangingwall depocentre, i.e. did the MTD fill existing accommodation space? Did the MTD trigger growth fault displacement? Or is there some other relationship? Most mass transport deposits are elongate in the transport direction and exhibit a length:width aspect ratio of more than 1. However, the 90 km 2 Karewa Fault MTD is at least three times wider than it is long, which is atypical for MTDs reported in the literature, where~80% have a length: width ratio >1. The transport direction of the MTD is to the WNW, as indicated by the location and internal structure of the compressional toe and the headwall scarp region of the Karewa Fault. The structural and sequence geometries on seismic reflection data indicate the MTD formed during the late stage of growth fault activity, and locally truncates the upper part of the Karewa Fault. The MTD is inferred to have originated by local destabilization of the sediment package overlying the Karewa Fault related to the escape of overpressured fluids along the fault. The resulting MTD was translated locally by only a few kilometres. This unusual cause for an MTD also resulted in its atypical length-width-thickness aspect ratios.

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“…This resulted in the tilted fault block being surrounded by depocenters that at lake level highstands provided lacustrine shales that acted as source and seal. However, axial sedimentation of fluvio‐deltaic sediments from the north permitted pulses of reservoir‐quality sandstones to episodically prograde over the area (Lan Krabu Formation, Figure 6) and be interbedded with the lacustrine shales, providing an ideal combination of source, seal and reservoir for the Sirikit oil and gas field [ Flint et al , 1988; Ainsworth et al , 1999; Morley et al , 2007c]. It is unusual for a continental rift setting to see axial sedimentation prograding so regularly along an entire half graben, then the half graben returning to lacustrine conditions multiple times.…”

Section: Phitsanulok Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry and evolution of low‐angle normal faults (LANF) within a Cenozoic high‐angle rift system, Thailand: Implications for sedimentology and the mechanisms of LANF development

Morley

2009

Tectonics

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At least eight examples of large (5–35 km heave), low‐angle normal faults (LANFs, 20°–30° dip) occur in the Cenozoic rift basins of Thailand and laterally pass into high‐angle extensional fault systems. Three large‐displacement LANFs are found in late Oligocene–Miocene onshore rift basins (Suphan Buri, Phitsanulok, and Chiang Mai basins), they have (1) developed contemporaneous with, or after the onset of, high‐angle extension, (2) acted as paths for magma and associated fluids, and (3) impacted sedimentation patterns. Displacement on low‐angle faults appears to be episodic, marked by onset of lacustrine conditions followed by axial progradation of deltaic systems that infilled the lakes during periods of low or no displacement. The Chiang Mai LANF is a low‐angle (15°–25°), high‐displacement (15–35 km heave), ESE dipping LANF immediately east of the late early Miocene Doi Inthanon and Doi Suthep metamorphic core complexes. Early Cenozoic transpressional crustal thickening followed by the northward motion of India coupled with Burma relative to east Burma and Thailand (∼40–30 Ma) caused migmatization and gneiss dome uplift in the late Oligocene of the core complex region, followed by LANF activity. LANF displacement lasted 4–6 Ma during the early Miocene and possibly transported a late Oligocene–early Miocene high‐angle rift system 35 km east. Other LANFs in Thailand have lower displacements and no associated metamorphic core complexes. The three LANFs were initiated as low‐angle faults, not by isostatic rotation of high‐angle faults. The low‐angle dips appear to follow preexisting low‐angle fabrics (thrusts, shear zones, and other low‐angle ductile foliations) predominantly developed during Late Paleozoic and early Paleogene episodes of thrusting and folding.

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Degradation of a footwall fault block with hanging-wall fault propagation in a continental-lacustrine setting: How a new structural model impacted field development plans, the Sirikit field, Thailand

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Sill emplacement during rifting and inversion from three-dimensional seismic and well data, Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand

Sill emplacement during rifting and inversion from three-dimensional seismic and well data, Phitsanulok Basin, Thailand

Link between growth faulting and initiation of a mass transport deposit in the northern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Geometry and evolution of low‐angle normal faults (LANF) within a Cenozoic high‐angle rift system, Thailand: Implications for sedimentology and the mechanisms of LANF development

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