Degradation of aluminosilicate refractories: An integrated approach

Soltan, Abdel Monem; Pöllmann, Herbert; Kaden, Ronny; König, Andreas; Abd-El-Raoof, F.; Eltaher, Mona; Serry, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.08.018

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis, which is based on the phenomenon of light emission from materials as a result of electron bombardment, was applied to the identification of inclusions in steels 38,39) and phases in materials related to steelmaking such as refractories [40][41][42][43] and nozzle clogs. 44) This analytical method can be used to simultaneously identify the size, shape, and chemical components of inclusions in steels by capturing their CL images using an optical camera more quickly than the conventional methods, even though CL analysis requires vacuum conditions for generating the electron beam.…”

Section: Inclusion Analysis By CL Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Measurement for the Inclusion Analysis of Steel Materials in Emission Spectrometry

Imashuku

Wagatsuma

2022

ISIJ Int.

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This paper reviews three emission spectrometric methods that can be applicable to the inclusion analysis in steel materials, which provides information on the number, the size and distribution, as well as the chemical composition of inclusion particles. Cathodoluminescence (CL), X-ray-excited optical luminescence (XEOL), and beam-scanning laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) are employed for the imaging measurement of the inclusions. As a typical specimen, alumina inclusions are evaluated to compare their analytical performance. The easy handling and rapid response of them are significant features for an application to the on-site/in-line analysis in the production site of steel.

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Section: Inclusion Analysis By CL Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Measurement for the Inclusion Analysis of Steel Materials in Emission Spectrometry

Imashuku

Wagatsuma

2022

ISIJ Int.

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“…Minerals typical of aluminosilicate materials [25], such as mullite, tridymite, quartz, anorthite, gehlenite, and corundum, were identified in all castable samples after thermal treatment at a temperature of 1100 • C (Figure 3). Grossite was identified in the castables of the MCC series because this mineral is present in CAC70 cement, which was used to produce MCC (Table 1).…”

Section: Chemical and Mineral Composition Of Castablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Formed Protective Layer Inhibiting Alkali Corrosion in Aluminosilicate Refractory Castables

et al. 2022

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This article analyzes the mechanism of the protective layer formation under the action of alkali in a refractory castable when ground quartz sand (GQS) is used as an admixture to produce refractory conventional castables (CC) and medium cement castables (MCC). It was found that, independently of the castable composition, the addition of GQS (2.5%) reduces the degree of K2CO3 dissolution at high temperature, and the released potassium reacts with the silica and forms a viscous potassium silicate glass, which reduces the mobility of alkali. The liquid phase formed filled some of the open pores and hindered the penetration of potassium into the deeper layers of the refractory castable. The thickness of the formed protective layer, after three cycles of the alkaline corrosion test, varies from 700 µm up to 1300 µm, depending on the castable composition.

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“…Refractory corrosion, due to interaction with glass melts at high temperature, results in the required replacement of refractory components or even the whole melter assembly. For typical commercial continuous melters or nuclear waste glass melters, this period is typically 5–20 years and is sometimes known as the “campaign lifetime.” 5–7 For a typical high Cr 2 O 3 refractory, corrosion can also be a contributor to the formation of spinel crystals 8–10 . These spinels can form in nuclear waste glass compositions simply due to the composition and solubility of these metals and the crystal liquidus temperature, without exposure to transition‐metal‐containing refractories 11–13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural examination of interactions between chromia‐based refractory and nuclear glass in a melter

2022

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This study shows the effects of nuclear waste glass production on Monofrax K-3 refractory corrosion. A continuously fed research-scale melter containing an Fe-and Ni-rich simulated nuclear waste feed with borosilicate glass-forming chemicals was cyclically melted at 1150 • C and idled at 1050 • C for a total of 11 weeks. Chemical maps using scanning electron microscopy show the interactions between the quenched melt and the refractory. Nanoscale X-ray-computed tomography was used for a three-dimensional visualization of certain parts of the interface. Unreacted K-3 consists of primarily corundum (Al,Cr) 2 O 3 and spinel (Fe 2+ ,Mg)(Al,Cr) 2 O 4 interlocking crystalline phases. Some of the Cr from the refractory interacts with the Ni and Fe from the melt to form a reaction layer comprising (Ni,Fe 2+ )(Cr,Fe 3+ ) 2 O 4 spinel crystals. Simultaneously, melt components (Na,Si) infiltrate into the refractory. This interaction proceeds at the expense of the integrity of the refractory structure. Intact refractory grains (e.g., (Al,Cr) 2 O 3 ) as well as the reaction layer itself can lose mechanical integrity and spall off into the melt, especially near the top of the melter. As the reaction layer can be a protective boundary for the refractory against further melt infiltration, a reduction in the reaction layer thickness allows an increase in refractory corrosion.

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Degradation of aluminosilicate refractories: An integrated approach

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Imaging Measurement for the Inclusion Analysis of Steel Materials in Emission Spectrometry

Imaging Measurement for the Inclusion Analysis of Steel Materials in Emission Spectrometry

Analysis of the Formed Protective Layer Inhibiting Alkali Corrosion in Aluminosilicate Refractory Castables

Microstructural examination of interactions between chromia‐based refractory and nuclear glass in a melter

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