Degradation of Aromatic Compounds by Nonsulfur Purple Bacteria

Gibson, Jane; Harwood, Caroline S.

doi:10.1007/0-306-47954-0_46

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the genotypes of Rhodopseudomonas palustris, the doubling times on benzoate ranged from 12.0 to 31.7 h. This was in contrast to the genotypes of Rhodomicrobium vannielii, all of which had similar growth rates. Southern hybridization experiments showed that only genotypes of Rhodopseudomonas palustris hybridized to the benzoate-CoA ligase (badA) gene, indicating that other benzoate-degrading species either possess a nonhomologous badA gene or metabolize benzoate by pathways that do not involve the conversion of benzoate to benzoyl-CoA by benzoate-CoA ligase (10,16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity within Species of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Sediments

Oda

Wanders

Huisman

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To assess the extent of genotypic and phenotypic diversity within species of purple nonsulfur bacteria found in aquatic sediments, a total of 128 strains were directly isolated from agar plates that had been inoculated with sediment samples from Haren and De Biesbosch in The Netherlands. All isolates were initially characterized by BOX-PCR genomic DNA fingerprinting, and 60 distinct genotypes were identified. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives of each genotype showed that five and eight different phylotypes of purple nonsulfur bacteria were obtained from the Haren and De Biesbosch sites, respectively. At the Haren site, 80.5% of the clones were Rhodopseudomonas palustris, whereas Rhodoferax fermentans and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were numerically dominant at the De Biesbosch site and constituted 45.9 and 34.4% of the isolates obtained, respectively. BOX-PCR genomic fingerprints showed that there was a high level of genotypic diversity within each of these species. The genomic fingerprints of Rhodopseudomonas palustris isolates were significantly different for isolates from the two sampling sites, suggesting that certain strains may be endemic to each sampling site. Not all Rhodopseudomonas palustris isolates could degrade benzoate, a feature that has previously been thought to be characteristic of the species. There were differences in the BOX-PCR genomic fingerprints and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of benzoate-coenzyme A ligase genes and form I and form II ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) genes between benzoate-degrading and non-benzoate-degrading genotypes. The ability to distinguish these two Rhodopseudomonas palustris groups based on multiple genetic differences may reflect an incipient speciation event resulting from adaptive evolution to local environmental conditions.Many species of bacteria in the environment, particularly in soil, are composed of genetically distinct and diverse clones (5,13,21,22,27,28,52). This diversification has resulted from evolutionary processes (4,28,30,35,41) that occur during adaptive evolution to local conditions in heterogeneous environments that contain a range of ecologically distinct habitats (28). This is in contrast to what is observed with many pathogenic and commensal bacterial species, which often exhibit clonal population structures that are correlated to differences in host environmental specificity and geographic differences (1,7,12,27,29,40,43,51).There have been numerous studies to assess the genetic diversity in closely related bacteria by PCR-based genome analysis techniques, including repetitive-sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR), amplified fragment length polymorphism, and random amplified polymorphic DNA techniques. The species studied include human-, animal-, and plant-associated bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (7,17), Helicobacter pylori (2), Bradyrhizobium sp. (47, 48), Pseudomonas syringae (24, 25), Rhizobium sp. (6, 23), and several species of the genus Xanthomonas (32,33). These studies were ai...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity within Species of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Sediments

Oda

Wanders

Huisman

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many lignin monomers, including compounds like caffeate, coumarate, and ferulate, are degraded under anaerobic conditions to form 4-hydroxybenzoate as a common intermediate. Also, phenol present in anaerobic environments appears to be carboxylated, activated with CoA, and then dehydroxylated as first steps to degradation (14,24,32).…”

Section: Metabolism Of 4-hydroxybenzoatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At that time, concerns about toxic industrial wastes converged with a realization that many polluted environments are anaerobic to stimulate a renewed and sustained interest in the anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds. It is now clear that a wide variety of aromatic compounds can be completely degraded by bacteria in the complete absence of oxygen (14,21,24,31,32,55). Increasing numbers of bacterial strains, representing most known modes of anaerobic energy metabolism, including phototrophy, denitrification, and sulfate or iron reduction, as well as fermentation, are now being isolated and studied in pure culture for their abilities to degrade a range of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and halogenated aromatics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding light on anaerobic benzene ring degradation: a process unique to prokaryotes?

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Benzoate, in the form of its coenzyme A (CoA) thioester, is widely regarded as a key intermediate in the anaerobic degradation of a large variety of naturally occurring and man-made aromatic compounds by photosynthetic and nitrate-or sulfatereducing bacteria (14,15,17,18). Many of the bacterial strains isolated by anaerobic growth on benzoate are also able to utilize the closely related compound 4-hydroxybenzoate (4-OHBen) as a carbon source in the absence of oxygen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A reductase (dehydroxylating) is required for anaerobic degradation of 4-hydroxybenzoate by Rhodopseudomonas palustris and shares features with molybdenum-containing hydroxylases

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The anaerobic degradation of 4-hydroxybenzoate is initiated by the formation of 4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A, with the next step proposed to be a dehydroxylation to benzoyl coenzyme A, the starting compound for a central pathway of aromatic compound ring reduction and cleavage. Three open reading frames, divergently transcribed from the 4-hydroxybenzoate coenzyme A ligase gene, hbaA, were identified and sequenced from the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. These genes, named hbaBCD, specify polypeptides of 17.5, 82.6, and 34.5 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences show considerable similarities to a group of hydroxylating enzymes involved in CO, xanthine, and nicotine metabolism that have conserved binding sites for [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdenum cofactor. Cassette disruption of the hbaB gene yielded a mutant that was unable to grow anaerobically on 4-hydroxybenzoate but grew normally on benzoate. The hbaB mutant cells did not accumulate [ 14 C]benzoyl coenzyme A during short-term uptake of [ 14 C]4-hydroxybenzoate, but benzoyl coenzyme A was the major radioactive metabolite formed by the wild type. In addition, crude extracts of the mutant failed to convert 4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A to benzoyl coenzyme A. This evidence indicates that the hbaBCD genes encode the subunits of a 4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A reductase (dehydroxylating). The sizes of the specified polypeptides are similar to those reported for 4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A reductase isolated from the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica. The amino acid consensus sequence for a molybdenum cofactor binding site is in HbaC. This cofactor appears to be an essential component because anaerobic growth of R. palustris on 4-hydroxybenzoate, but not on benzoate, was retarded unless 0.1 M molybdate was added to the medium. Neither tungstate nor vanadate replaced molybdate, and tungstate competitively inhibited growth stimulation by molybdate.

show abstract

Degradation of Aromatic Compounds by Nonsulfur Purple Bacteria

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity within Species of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Sediments

Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity within Species of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Isolated from Aquatic Sediments

Shedding light on anaerobic benzene ring degradation: a process unique to prokaryotes?

4-hydroxybenzoyl coenzyme A reductase (dehydroxylating) is required for anaerobic degradation of 4-hydroxybenzoate by Rhodopseudomonas palustris and shares features with molybdenum-containing hydroxylases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About