Degradation of benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride by Aeromonas hydrophila sp. K.

Patrauchan, Marianna A.; Oriel, Patrick

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01829.x

Cited by 113 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(iii) Furthermore, microbial communities such as those established in the microcosms might physically bind or chemically degrade QAC, thereby ameliorating or considerably reducing lethality. In these respects, the degradation of the QAC benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride has been reported for Aeromonas hydrophila (36), and since A. hydrophila was a major species within the drain microcosms, QAC degradation is a possibility. DGGE analysis of short-term microcosms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

McBain

Ledder

Moore

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

167

130

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Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as adjuncts to hygiene in domestic cleaning products. Current concern that the increased use of such biocides in consumer products might contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led us to examine the effects of a QAC-containing domestic cleaning fluid on the population dynamics and antimicrobial susceptibility of domestic sink drain biofilm communities. QAC susceptibilities of numerically dominant, culturable drain bacteria (15 genera, 17 species) were determined in vitro before and after repeated QAC exposure (14 passages). A fully characterized drain microcosm was then exposed to short-term (12 days) and long-term (3 months) dosing with a QAC-containing domestic detergent (QD). QAC exposure of isolated cultures caused both increases (three species) and circa twofold decreases (six species) in QAC susceptibility. The susceptibility of Ralstonia sp. was considerably decreased following 14 consecutive QAC passages. Control drain microcosm biofilms maintained dynamic stability, as evidenced by culture and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Bacterial population densities were largely unaffected during short-term exposure to use levels of QD, although 50% QD caused circa 10-fold viability reductions. DGGE analysis supported these observations; identified the major microcosm genera as Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Erwinia, and Enterobacter, and showed that aeromonads increased in abundance under 10 to 50% QD. Long-term exposure of the microcosms to QD did not significantly alter the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility. These data demonstrate the recalcitrance of domestic drain biofilms toward QAC and that although repeated QAC exposure of drain isolates in pure culture results in susceptibility change in some test bacteria, such changes do not necessarily occur within complex communities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

McBain

Ledder

Moore

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

167

130

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“…Nitrates and ammonium are abundant in Lascaux Cave (Lastennet et al, 2009), and it is expected that nitrites are as well; however, the last was not analysed. When benzalkonium chloride is degraded by bacteria, formation of benzyldimethylamine, benzylmethylamine, benzylamine, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid occurs (Patrauchan & Oriel, 2003). Nobuo (2005) found that a Scolecobasidium sp.…”

Section: The Black Stainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiology of Lascaux Cave

et al. 2010

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Lascaux Cave (Montignac, France) contains paintings from the Upper Paleolithic period. Shortly after its discovery in 1940, the cave was seriously disturbed by major destructive interventions. In 1963, the cave was closed due to algal growth on the walls. In 2001, the ceiling, walls and sediments were colonized by the fungus Fusarium solani. Later, black stains, probably of fungal origin, appeared on the walls. Biocide treatments, including quaternary ammonium derivatives, were extensively applied for a few years, and have been in use again since January 2008. The microbial communities in Lascaux Cave were shown to be composed of human-pathogenic bacteria and entomopathogenic fungi, the former as a result of the biocide selection. The data show that fungi play an important role in the cave, and arthropods contribute to the dispersion of conidia. A careful study on the fungal ecology is needed in order to complete the cave food web and to control the black stains threatening the Paleolithic paintings.

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“…Pseudomonads have also been reported to utilize dodecyldimethylamine (20) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (43). In addition, Acinetobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, and Aeromonas hydrophila have also been reported to degrade QACs (1,29,36). It is probable that the Pseudomonas sp., Serratia sp., and Aeromonas hydrophila isolates identified in this study as carrying class 1 integrons are involved in QAC degradation.…”

Section: Vol 49 2005 Integron Incidence In a Qac-polluted Environmementioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Class 1 Integrons in a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Polluted Environment

Gaze

Abdouslam

Hawkey

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

218

162

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Samples of effluent and soil were collected from a reed bed system used to remediate liquid waste from a wool finishing mill with a high use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and were compared with samples of agricultural soils. Resistance quotients of aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to ditallowdimethylammomium chloride (DTDMAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were established by plating onto nutrient agar containing 5 g/ml or 50 g/ml DTDMAC or CTAB. Approximately 500 isolates were obtained and screened for the presence of the intI1 (class 1 integrase), qacE (multidrug efflux), and qacE⌬1 (attenuated qacE) genes. QAC resistance was higher in isolates from reed bed samples, and class 1 integron incidence was significantly higher for populations that were preexposed to QACs. This is the first study to demonstrate that QAC selection in the natural environment has the potential to coselect for antibiotic resistance, as class 1 integrons are well-established vectors for cassette genes encoding antibiotic resistance.

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Degradation of benzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride by Aeromonas hydrophila sp. K.

Cited by 113 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Effects of Quaternary-Ammonium-Based Formulations on Bacterial Community Dynamics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

The microbiology of Lascaux Cave

Incidence of Class 1 Integrons in a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Polluted Environment

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