Degradation of biphenyl by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1

Abstract

The metabolism of biphenyl by Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 was investigated. The Mycobacterium sp. degraded >98% of the biphenyl added within 72 h. Analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of the culture medium by HPLC indicated that benzoic acid was the major metabolite. Other products were 4-hydroxybiphenyl, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid. The metabolites were characterized by mass and 1H NMR spectrometry. Identification of benzoic acid and 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid indicates that biphenyl degradation by Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1 is generally similar to known pathways. A novel alternative metabolic pathway consisted of monooxygenation at C-4 of biphenyl to give 4-hydroxybiphenyl, with subsequent degradation via ring cleavage to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

Dynamic Response of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 to BP Deepwater Horizon Crude Oil

“…Although M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 has been shown to have versatile ability to degrade a wide range of hydrocarbons, including n-alkanes and PAHs (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(36)(37)(38), no investigation has shown whether the bacterium can utilize these hydrocarbons as nutrients for growth when they occur in crude oil. A series of culture experiments were conducted to understand the metabolic behavior of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 toward BP crude oil.…”

“…The bacterium has a versatile metabolic ability to degrade a wide range of hydrocarbon components of crude oil, including high-molecular-weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with four or more fused benzene rings, such as pyrene and fluoranthene, and aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as dodecane and hexadecane (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). According to previous metabolic, genetic, biochemical, and functional-genomics studies, the biological properties of the bacterium, such as catabolic activity, cellular structures, and ecophysiology, are suitable for the degradation or transformation of various organic pollutants in the environment (31).…”

Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium abscessus Isolates from Patients in the United States and Comparisons to Globally Diverse Clinical Strains

“…massiliense (NJH11), includes a cassette of biphenyl and aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic enzymes that functionally enable degradation of environmental chemicals (46) in some cases. Overall, the results suggest that gene content variations in clinical M. abscessus are due, in part, to recombination and/or metabolic adaptations.…”

Pleiotropic and Epistatic Behavior of a Ring-Hydroxylating Oxygenase System in the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolic Network from Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1

“…On the other hand, the HMW PAHs with four or five rings, including pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene, showed relatively low conversion of less than 40%, with the exception of fluoranthene, whose conversion was over 80%. In the biotransformation analysis, the Pdo system converted biphenyl and naphthalene to only one metabolite each, with UV spectra similar to those of authentic biphenyl cis-2,3-dihydrodiol and naphthalene cis-1,2-dihydrodiol, respectively (11,31). When the Pdo system was incubated with fluorene, three possible metabolites were found at 11.46 min (55%), 13.55 min (31%), and 16.71 min (24%).…”

“…It was the first bacterium shown to degrade pyrene, a high-molecular-weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with four fused benzene rings. This bacterium also degrades other HMW PAHs (fluoranthene, benzo [a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) and lowmolecular-weight (LMW) PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene), primarily via dioxygenation to isomeric cis-dihydrodiols (2,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Because of its versatile PAH degradation ability, M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 has been extensively studied as a model at both the laboratory and field scales (16,17).…”