Degradation of Black Phosphorus upon Environmental Exposure and Encapsulation Strategies To Prevent It

Ryu, Yu Kyoung; Castellanos-Gómez, Andrés; Frisenda, Riccardo

doi:10.1021/bk-2019-1333.ch003

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…[ 7 ] This has been a drawback to its device compliance in lots of applications. Strategies like encapsulation, [ 8 ] surface passivation, [ 9 ] surface functionalization, [ 10 ] and doping [ 7 , 11 ] have been developed with varying degrees of success to help enhance the stability of phosphorene. Phosphorene starts degrading from the surface [ 12 ] as oxygen molecules approach with an exothermic energy of −4.07 eV per molecule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Narrow Phosphorene Nanoribbons Produced by Facile Electrochemical Process

et al. 2022

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Phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) have inspired strong research interests to explore their exciting properties that are associated with the unique two-dimensional (2D) structure of phosphorene as well as the additional quantum confinement of the nanoribbon morphology, providing new materials strategy for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Despite several important properties of PNRs, the production of these structures with narrow widths is still a great challenge. Here, a facile and straightforward approach to synthesize PNRs via an electrochemical process that utilize the anisotropic Na + diffusion barrier in black phosphorus (BP) along the [001] zigzag direction against the [100] armchair direction, is reported. The produced PNRs display widths of good uniformity (10.3 ± 3.8 nm) observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the suppressed B 2g vibrational mode from Raman spectroscopy results. More interestingly, when used in field-effect transistors, synthesized bundles exhibit the n-type behavior, which is dramatically different from bulk BP flakes which are p-type. This work provides insights into a new synthesis approach of PNRs with confined widths, paving the way toward the development of phosphorene and other highly anisotropic nanoribbon materials for high-quality electronic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐Narrow Phosphorene Nanoribbons Produced by Facile Electrochemical Process

et al. 2022

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“…5 e), the result reflected that BP with thickness less than 10 nm showed faster degradation under ambient conditions, which indicated that the degradation of BP was also thickness-dependent. The structural failure caused by the degradation will affect the intrinsic properties of phosphorene and bring difficulties to its practical application in device [ 98 , 99 ]. However, on the other hand, Wu et al [ 100 ] suggested that the degradation of BP actually has a positive side.…”

Section: Environmental Instability and Passivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus: An Emerging Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2020

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HIGHLIGHTS • The preparation methods, basic structure, and properties as well as environmental instability and passivation techniques of twodimensional black phosphorus are systematically summarized and analyzed. • The application of anode materials based on two-dimensional black phosphorus in lithium-ion batteries in recent years is wholly reviewed. ABSTRACT Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP), an emerging material, has aroused tremendous interest once discovered. This is due to the fact that it integrates unprecedented properties of other 2D materials, such as tunable bandgap structures, outstanding electrochemical properties, anisotropic mechanical, thermodynamic, and photoelectric properties, making it of great research value in many fields. The emergence of 2D BP has greatly promoted the development of electrochemical energy storage devices, especially lithium-ion batteries. However, in the application of 2D BP, there are still some problems to be solved urgently, such as the difficulty in the synthesis of large-scale high-quality phosphorene, poor environmental stability, and the volume expansion as electrode materials. Herein, according to the latest research progress of 2D BP in the field of energy storage, we systematically summarize and compare the preparation methods of phosphorene and discuss the basic structure and properties of BP, especially the environmental instability and passivation techniques. In particular, the practical application and challenges of 2D BP as anode material for lithium-ion batteries are analyzed in detail. Finally, some personal perspectives on the future development and challenges of BP are presented.

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Surface Modification of Black Phosphorus with Group 13 Lewis Acids for Ambient Protection and Electronic Tuning

et al. 2021

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Herein we introduce af acile,s olution-phase protocol to modify the Lewis basic surface of few-layer black phosphorus (bP) and demonstrate its effectiveness at providing ambient stability and tuning of electronic properties.Commercially available group 13 Lewis acids that range in electrophilicity,steric bulk, and Pearson hard/soft-ness are evaluated. The nature of the interaction between the Lewis acids and the bP lattice is investigated using arange of microscopic (optical, atomic force,s canning electron) and spectroscopic (energy dispersive,X-ray photoelectron) methods.A la nd Ga halides are most effective at preventing ambient degradation of bP (> 84 hf or AlBr 3), and the resulting field-effect transistors show excellent IV characteristics,p hotocurrent, and current stability,a nd are significantly p-doped. This protocol, chemically matched to bP and compatible with device fabrication, opens ap ath for deterministic and persistent tuning of the electronic properties in bP.

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Degradation of Black Phosphorus upon Environmental Exposure and Encapsulation Strategies To Prevent It

Cited by 4 publications

References 71 publications

Ultra‐Narrow Phosphorene Nanoribbons Produced by Facile Electrochemical Process

Ultra‐Narrow Phosphorene Nanoribbons Produced by Facile Electrochemical Process

Two-Dimensional Black Phosphorus: An Emerging Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Surface Modification of Black Phosphorus with Group 13 Lewis Acids for Ambient Protection and Electronic Tuning

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