Degradation of Bone Matrix Morphogenetic Activity by Pulverization

Syftestad, Glenn T.

doi:10.1097/00003086-197906000-00038

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The particle size of the DBM used in this study was between 250 and 500 m, which gives clinically optimal results. 14,15 However, bone induction in animals seems to be more reproducible with smaller DBM particles of between 100 and 300 m. 40,41 With larger particles bone conduction was prevailing, 15,24,27,40 which is in agreement with our findings. The presence of actively mineralizing osteoid in the graft area adjoining the maxillary host bone suggests stimulation of osteogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Mineralization processes in demineralized bone matrix grafts in human maxillary sinus floor elevations

Groeneveld

Bergh

Holzmann

et al. 1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

106

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For reconstruction of the severely resorbed lateral maxilla for dental implant placement, one of the successful procedures is to elevate the maxillary sinus floor by implanting demineralized bone matrix (DBM). We studied bone formation in DBM grafts in the lateral maxilla in humans by means of histology and histomorphometry. Six months after grafting, at the time of dental implantation biopsies were taken from the grafted areas of seven patients. All biopsies contained mineralized matrix (MM) in the grafted area. At close inspection, three types of mineralization were found. First, lamellar biomineralization was seen in and near the maxillary host bone. Second, remineralization was observed in some particles that probably had not been completely demineralized. In the area connecting the graft and host bone, where woven bone was formed against DBM particles, a third mechanism was detected. In this case many dotlike foci of remineralization appeared close to the bone-DBM interface. The remineralized DBM and woven bone were both subsequently remodeled. Bone formation was most active in the area adjoining the maxillary host bone. We conclude that in human sinus floor elevation, allogenic DBM increases mineralized tissue volume by osteoconduction that is supported by the remineralization processes. Osteoinduction by this material seems questionable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Mineralization processes in demineralized bone matrix grafts in human maxillary sinus floor elevations

Groeneveld

Bergh

Holzmann

et al. 1999

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

106

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“…There is evidence that particles smaller than 125-250 lm may have attenuated osteoinductivity compared to larger particles (Harakas 1984;Zhang et al 1997). One proposed mechanism is that excessive pulverization might lead to denaturation of BMPs (Syftestad and Urist 1979;Marino and Becker 1968). Also, small particles are generally believed to be phagocytized and not provide much osteoinductivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BMP depletion occurs during prolonged acid demineralization of bone: characterization and implications for graft preparation

et al. 2009

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Demineralization of allograft bone increases the bioavailability of matrix-associated bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), rendering these grafts osteoinductive. While osteoinductivity is related to BMP content, little is known about how the demineralization protocol, in particular, extended demineralization times, affects graft BMP levels. We characterized the BMP-7 content of <710 μm bovine bone powder demineralized under various conditions. Using 1 g of bone per 50 ml of 0.125 N, 0.25 N, or 0.5 N HCl, demineralization was performed at room temperature for 5 min to 24 h. Minimum residual calcium levels were obtained within 90 min and were <1 wt % using the 0.25 N and 0.5 N baths and 17 wt % using the 0.125 N bath. Measured peak BMP-7 levels were also obtained within 90 min and were 161-165 ng g(-1) using the 0.25 N and 0.5 N baths and 55.2 ng g(-1) using the 0.125 N bath. This compares to 5.1 ng g(-1) for undemineralized bone. Further acid bath exposure to 24 h resulted in BMP-7 decline to about 50% of the peak value, which was significant. The BMP-7 half-life was estimated to be 26 h. It is likely that the decline was due to diffusion of BMP-7 from the bone matrix into the acid. These results suggest the importance of not over demineralizing bone grafts and should stimulate further research that can be incorporated into the processing methodology followed by tissue banks.

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“…[9][10][11][12] These growth factors are present in cortical bone, but only in minute amounts, approximately 1-2 g of BMP per kilogram of cortical bone. 13 The amount of BMPs may vary widely depending on source, 14 preparative technique, 15 and sterilization method used. 16 The quantity of bone formation is also related to the surface area of exposed matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralized Bone Matrix-Induced Ectopic Bone Formation in Rats:In VivoStudy with Follow-up by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Hartman¹,

Pikkemaat²,

Asten³

et al. 2004

Tissue Engineering

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The aim of this study was to further explore the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to assess bone formation and blood circulation in a pedicled bone graft substitute. In 14 Wistar rats, initially 10 weeks old, heterogeneous demineralized femur bone matrix implants were wrapped in pedicled adductor thigh muscle flaps. One rat died after surgery. Subsequently, bone formation and maintenance of blood vessel functionality were evaluated in six rats 6 weeks postimplantation by means of in vivo MRI/MRA and postmortem histomorphometry. The other seven rats were left for 12 weeks, whereafter bone formation was evaluated by in vivo DEXA and postmortem histomorphometry. The results demonstrated that after 6 weeks bone formation was present in four of six animals, quantified as 42 (؎35)% and 25 (؎19)% by means of MRI and histomorphometry, respectively. MRA was able to show patency of the pedicles of these four rats only, which suggests that the lack of blood supply in the other two rats is the cause of the failure to form bone. In the 12-week group, histology showed increased bone formation without signs of osteolysis, which was quantified histomorphometrically to be as high as 48 (؎15)%. DEXA failed to show bone formation. It is concluded that in vivo MRI proved to be a reliable method for monitoring ectopic bone formation in a rat model, whereas in vivo DEXA was unable to detect the implants. Furthermore, in vivo MRA proved to be a useful technique for studying the circulation of muscle flaps in this animal model.

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Degradation of Bone Matrix Morphogenetic Activity by Pulverization

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Mineralization processes in demineralized bone matrix grafts in human maxillary sinus floor elevations

Mineralization processes in demineralized bone matrix grafts in human maxillary sinus floor elevations

BMP depletion occurs during prolonged acid demineralization of bone: characterization and implications for graft preparation

Demineralized Bone Matrix-Induced Ectopic Bone Formation in Rats:In VivoStudy with Follow-up by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

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