Degradation of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) Antibiotic Waste using The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) Method with Ferrate (VI) from Extreme Base Electrosynthesis

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic liquid waste is the most common waste found in hospital discharge waters. The accumulation of CIP can increase mutation, microbial resistance, and toxicity in the environment due to its low biodegradability and longevity in waters. Thus, methods for eliminating CIP are important. The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) method with ferrate (VI) has good redox potential in water disinfection, and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore, this study aims to degrade CIP waste with ferrate (VI). The ferrate (VI) used was synthesized from the electrolysis of transformer scrap metal plates under extremely alkaline conditions. The success of the synthesis was proven by the presence of FeO(OH) groups characterized using FTIR, XRF, and XRD. Then, the effect of time, pH, and CIP degradation was studied. The results showed that the maximum performance was obtained at pH 7 and 120 min with the addition of 1.1 mg ferrate at initial CIP concentration of 30 mg/L. The concentration of CIP decreased with increasing treatment time which was confirmed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. This condition is able to degrade 86.7 % of CIP. In addition, the LC-MS results show that degradation occurs due to a reaction between HFeO4-/H2FeO4 and the active site of piperazine ring antibiotics. This shows that Ferrate has a promising potential to reduce ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollution from hospital wastewater for a better environment. HIGHLIGHTS Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic liquid waste is the most common waste found in hospital discharge waters. It can cause mutation, microbial resistance, and toxicity in the environment due to its low biodegradability and longevity in waters The Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) method with ferrate (VI) has good redox potential in water disinfection, and degradation of organic and inorganic pollutants including antibiotic liquid waste Ferrate was able to degrade 86.7 % of ciprofloxacin antibiotic pollution from hospital wastewater through a reaction between HFeO4-/H2FeO4 and the active site of piperazine ring antibiotics GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT