Degradation of dentachlorophenol in simulated lentic environment

Boyle, Terence P.; Robinson-Wilson, Everett; Petty, Jimmie D.; Weber, Wayne

doi:10.1007/bf01608094

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Boyle et al [49] found that the half-life of PCP in laboratory aquaria illuminated by fluorescent bulbs was not significantly different from that in aquaria maintained in the dark. However, such bulbs are usually deficient in UV irradiation, and in its absence phototransformation would not occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Crossland

Wolff

1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Various laboratory methods and mathematical models are being developed to assess the hazards of chemicals to aquatic environments. Although the approach is generally accepted, many of the methods and models have not been validated by comparison with field observations. In this study we compared predictions of the fate and biological effects of a reference compound, pentachlorophenol (PCP), with observations in experimental outdoor ponds. PCP was repeatedly applied to the subsurface water of three ponds with the aim of maintaining an average concentration of 50 to 100 μg/L in the water for a period of 30 d. At this dosage level chronic toxicity to some organisms was expected. Evaporation, sorption, hydrolysis, biodegradation and indirect phototransformation of PCP were expected to be of minor importance under the environmental conditions encountered in the ponds. The partition coefficient of PCP between water and wet sediment was predicted to be near unity and the dominant loss process to be direct phototransformation. The rate of this process was calculated using the SOLAR mathematical model. Data used for this calculation were the light absorption spectrum of PCP, the quantum yield for the light‐activated reaction, depth and light attenuation of pond water, season and latitude. After correcting for cloud cover, the calculated rate constant was 0.23 to 0.46 d−1. In good agreement with the calculations, the observed rate of loss was 0.15 to 0.34 d−1, and there was no evidence of accumulation in sediment. The results of chronic toxicity tests with various species of fish, two species of snail and the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna Straus were consistent with field observations. Chronic toxicity to filamentous algae (Chara sp. and Enteromorpha sp.) was observed in the field, and their death and decay were responsible for depression of dissolved oxygen concentrations and fish deaths. Direct effects on filamentous algae and the indirect effects caused by their death and decay could not be predicted in the absence of relevant laboratory data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Crossland

Wolff

1985

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…As Liu et al (12) point out, very little information is available regarding PCP biodegradation in aquatic environments. Most of the studies that are available involve laboratory models of aquatic systems (3,9,12). Pierce et al (15) studied the fate of PCP accidentally spilled into a freshwater stream-lake system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation and photolysis of pentachlorophenol in artificial freshwater streams

Pignatello¹,

Martinson²,

Steiert³

et al. 1983

Appl Environ Microbiol

122

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The biodegradation, photolysis, and adsorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in outdoor, aquatic environments were examined with man-made channels built by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at a field station on the Mississippi River near Monticello, Minn. Four channels were used, each channel being approximately 520 m long and receiving river water that flowed through the channels for about 10 h before reentering the river. The channels were dosed continuously during the summer of 1982 with various concentrations of PCP (approximately 0, 48, 144, and 432 micrograms/liter). We monitored the biotic and abiotic degradation of PCP in these channels for approximately 16 weeks. Photolysis of PCP was rapid at the water surface, but greatly attenuated with depth. Depending on sunlight conditions, photolysis accounted for a 5 to 28% decline in initial PCP concentration. Adsorption of PCP by sediment and uptake by biota accounted for less than 15% and probably less than 5% in unacclimated water. Microbial degradation of PCP became significant about 3 weeks after the initiation of dosing and eventually became the primary mechanism of PCP removal, accounting for a 26 to 46% (dose-dependent) decline in initial PCP. Most of the PCP-mineralizing microorganisms that developed in the channels were either attached to surfaces (e.g., rocks and macrophytes) or associated with surface sediments. Total bacterial numbers (direct microscopic counts) in the various channels were not affected significantly by PCP concentrations of micrograms per liter. Numerous strains of bacteria able to grow at the expense of PCP were isolated from the adapted channels. The experiments reported here will help predict the responses of flowing aquatic ecosystems to contamination by biocides such as pentachlorophenol.

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“…Adsorption to sediment results in an apparent reduction of pesticide in water, and its tight binding leads to less bioavailability with longer persistency, a mechanism that is more observable in hydrophobic pesticides. 46,95,96,108,152,153) Reduced degradation by adsorption to sediments or colloids has been shown by kinetic analysis on the biodegradation of endosulfan (7) in a river water-sediment system. 154) Alternatively, benthic microbes frequently enhance the biodegradation of pesticides by an order of magnitude.…”

Section: Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic microbial transformation of pesticides in surface water

Katagi

2013

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Aerobic transformation by microbial organisms is a dissipation process of pesticides in surface water, but the corresponding information is much less available as compared with their microbial degradation in soil. Bacteria freely floating in water or associated with suspended particles are the key microorganisms degrading pesticides; their species and populations, however, depend on sites and seasons. The various factors related to pesticide properties, experimental conditions and characteristics of surface water are involved in the complex control of microbial processes. Bottom sediment and macrophytes with associated biofilms not only act as sink for pesticides but also provide the habitat for both bacteria and fungi that degrade pesticides. More understanding of each factor is necessary to utilize laboratory biodegradation data for the refined assessment of pesticide behavior in surface water.

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Degradation of dentachlorophenol in simulated lentic environment

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Fate and biological effects of pentachlorophenol in outdoor ponds

Biodegradation and photolysis of pentachlorophenol in artificial freshwater streams

Aerobic microbial transformation of pesticides in surface water

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