Degradation of dimethyl phthalate through Fe(II)/peroxymonosulphate heightened by fulvic acid: efficiency and possible mechanism

Phthalic acid esters are emerging pollutants, commonly used as plasticizers that are categorized as hazardous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). A rise in anthropogenic activities leads to an increase in phthalate concentration in the environment which leads to various adverse environmental effects and health issues in humans and other aquatic organisms. This paper gives an overview of the research related to phthalate ester contamination and degradation methods by conducting a bibliometric analysis with VOS Viewer. Ecotoxicity analysis requires an understanding of the current status of phthalate pollution, health impacts, exposure routes, and their sources. This review covers five toxic phthalates, occurrences in the aquatic environment, toxicity studies, biodegradation studies, and degradation pathways. It highlights the various advanced oxidation processes like photocatalysis, Fenton processes, ozonation, sonolysis, and modified AOPs used for phthalate removal from the environment.

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A Mini-Review on the Use of Chelating or Reducing Agents to Improve Fe(II)-Fe(III) Cycles in Persulfate/Fe(II) Systems

Feng,

Zeng,

Wang

et al. 2024

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Persulfates (PSs) have recently gained recognition as strong oxidants notably for soil and groundwater remediation. Ferrous iron (Fe(II)) has been extensively employed in activating PS. However, the PS/Fe(II) system still suffers from some inherent drawbacks, including the fast accumulation of ferric ion (Fe(III)) or precipitation of Fe(III), sluggish conversion from Fe(III) to Fe(II), and the unwanted scavenging of SO4•− by excess Fe(II). To overcome these issues, the following two types of reagents are usually used: chelating agents and reducing agents. There are 11 chelating agents mentioned in this paper (EDTA, CA, etc.) and 3 reducing agents (HA, thiosulfate and A-Boron). This review extracted data from studies to give a data-based overview on how the added agents can improve the PS/Fe(II) system under varied conditions. The mechanisms of improvement by chelating agents could be classified into the following three categories: to control excess Fe(II), reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II), and inhibit Fe precipitation. The data analysis suggested an optimal working agent/Fe(II) ratio of 0–2 with acidic and neutral pH. The mechanism of using a reducing agent for PS/Fe(II) system improvement is simply reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II), using hydroxylamine, thiosulfate, etc. The improvement was significant at a hydroxylamine/Fe (II) molar ratio between 0 and 10, yet overdosed hydroxylamine can scavenge the reactive radicals, resulting in negative effects. The future research trend was also proposed in this review.

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Degradation of dimethyl phthalate through Fe(II)/peroxymonosulphate heightened by fulvic acid: efficiency and possible mechanism

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

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PEDOT derived S-doped porous carbon/Fe7S8 stimulates peroxymonosulfate to degrade phenazopyridine hydrochloride from industrial wastewater

Phthalate esters: occurrence, toxicity, bioremediation, and advanced oxidation processes

A Mini-Review on the Use of Chelating or Reducing Agents to Improve Fe(II)-Fe(III) Cycles in Persulfate/Fe(II) Systems

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