Degradation of dissolved RDX, NQ, and DNAN by cathodic processes in an electrochemical flow-through reactor

Dehkordi, Nazli Rafei; Knapp, Michael; Compton, Patrick; Fernandez, Loretta A.; Larese-Casanova, Philip

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107865

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…15 Adsorptive removal, on the other hand, results in the production of contaminated sludge that requires further treatment. 4 Cr(VI) is a toxic pollutant with high bacterial, plant, and animal toxicity. 16−18 Cr(VI) removal has been studied using technologies such as adsorption, 18 ion exchange, 16 liquid− liquid extraction, 17 electrochemical reduction, 8,19,20 and membrane-based technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonium nitrate solution (ANSOL) is generated in large quantities, ∼10 million pounds/year, as a waste byproduct during the production of energetic materials, such as hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX), and other nitramine explosives. − In the past, this waste stream was sold to various other industries, for example, to Eastman Kodak or other industries for mining explosive manufacturing. However, the presence of trace contaminants in ANSOL (e.g., chromium) as well as decreasing demand for the product have led explosive manufacturers to seek alternative disposal methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Precious metals, such as platinum and iridium, have higher dimensional stability, facilitating electrooxidation up to relatively high anodic potentials, but their high cost limits their use in large-scale applications. 1,4,26,30 Magneli-phase metal oxides, defined as metal oxides where the ratio between the metal and oxygen atoms are substoichiometric, are electrically conducting materials that are affordable and dimensionally stable under elevated anodic potentials. 27,31 Ti 4 O 7 , a widely studied Magneli-phase material, has been demonstrated to be able to facilitate many electrooxidation reactions, including the destruction of complex organic contaminants; both direct and indirect electrooxidation pathways have been shown to facilitate these degradation reactions, with the applied potential and identity of the contaminant determining the pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Electrochemical Treatment Process for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Hexavalent Chromium, and Ammonia Using Electroactive Membranes

Iddya,

Elezi,

Hembade

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Ammonium nitrate solution (ANSOL) is generated as a byproduct during the explosive manufacturing process. Historically, ANSOL has been recycled for use in the mining industry; however, the unreliability of the recycling process over recent years has necessitated exploration of its treatment. In this preliminary study, we investigate the feasibility of developing a process that valorizes waste during ANSOL treatment. The novel process employs three electroactive membranes to (i) facilitate oxidation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), (ii) remove hexavalent chromium from solution, and (iii) recover pure ammonium from the contaminated ammonium nitrate stream. The impact of different operational parameters (applied current density and recirculating rate of feed through the anode) was evaluated. Oxidation of RDX was achieved using a porous substoichiometric TiO2, reaching removal rates as high as 120 g/m2/h. Ammonia recovery of about 23.26 g-NH3/m2/day was observed even at 0 V applied potentials and increased to 119.48 g-NH3/m2/day upon the introduction of a cathode chamber by placing a cation exchange membrane adjacent to the hydrophobic membrane. Finally, a preliminary technoeconomic analysis was also conducted to reveal the costs and profit centers of this technology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Electrochemical Treatment Process for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Hexavalent Chromium, and Ammonia Using Electroactive Membranes

Iddya,

Elezi,

Hembade

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Combining UV irradiance with chemicals such as peroxides can improve the scope of UV irradiance, resulting in synergistic oxidation processes (Masschelein & Rice 2002;Sanei & Mokhtarani 2022). Indeed, hydroxyl radicals, produced upon bubbling of ozone through water, make UV-oxidation more effective (Safarzadeh-Amiri et al 1997;Mehrjouei et al 2015;Dehkordi et al 2022). Thus, it is thought that combining ozone and UV irradiance will improve EC degradation in wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combined treatment system of O3/UV oxidation and activated carbon adsorption: emerging contaminants in hospital wastewater

Nabavi

Niavol

Dezvareh

et al. 2023

Journal of Water and Health

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Researchers have recently focused their attention on emerging contaminants (ECs) in wastewater because they pose serious health and environmental risks. Because ECs are persistent in the environment and have the ability to disrupt the physiology of target receptors, they have been labeled as contaminants of recent environmental concerns. For removing various ECs, a variety of treatment technologies have been developed, including biological, chemical, and physical methods. However, no single technology can currently effectively remove ECs, whereas hybrid systems have consistently proven to be more effective. Furthermore, the majority of existing technologies are energy and resource intensive, as well as expensive to maintain and operate. Furthermore, the majority of advanced treatment technologies that have been proposed have yet to be evaluated for large-scale feasibility. Some ECs, particularly pharmaceuticals and pesticides, were found to be significantly removed using a hybrid technique that included ozone/UV and granular activated carbon (GAC). Besides, the removal of effluent parameters (TDS, COD, TOC) was enhanced through the GAC surface oxidization as a catalyst with NaOH before the process and by ozone within the procedure as well.

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“…This aspect is very important not only from the standpoint of housing but also for governance and city strategy (Sztompka,2004) . A sustainable city is defined as a city designed with environmental consideration, with minimum consumption of energy, renewable energy sources like wind and solar (Dindar et al,2022), water resources management (Ourang, 2017), and food and minimum output of waste and air, soil, and water and waste water pollutions (Dehkordi et al, 2022). Urban sustainability can also be defined as the improvement of the quality of life of human beings within the capacity of Earth's limited resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

role of sustainable architecture of cultural buildings in the urban socialization and humans’ participation

Afzali

Kermani

Hefzisalehi

et al. 2022

RISUS

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The swelling of the population is an inescapable trend in many countries. There is no point in denying that managing this fundamental social change is an unprecedented challenge. A significant change has occurred as a result of the rapid expansion of urbanization. Sometimes urban space and architecture are sloppy and messy. Urbanization over the past century has led to the loss of the nature and function of buildings and urban spaces as a result of uncontrolled urbanization without consideration for factors such as form, function, and meaning. This problem has the major consequence of reducing social interaction and vitality in neighborhoods. A building, which is one of the main components of urban design, can contribute to urban sustainability and increase social participation. Therefore, this study has focused on the relationship between the characteristics of architecture and urban environment in social interactions by explaining these spaces and their influence in the cultural center's design. The case study is Khavaran cultural centre which is selected in Tehran city. The results indicate that the architecture can affect the quantity and quality of socialization of the cultural buildings.

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Degradation of dissolved RDX, NQ, and DNAN by cathodic processes in an electrochemical flow-through reactor

Cited by 21 publications

References 56 publications

Integrated Electrochemical Treatment Process for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Hexavalent Chromium, and Ammonia Using Electroactive Membranes

Integrated Electrochemical Treatment Process for Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), Hexavalent Chromium, and Ammonia Using Electroactive Membranes

A combined treatment system of O3/UV oxidation and activated carbon adsorption: emerging contaminants in hospital wastewater

role of sustainable architecture of cultural buildings in the urban socialization and humans’ participation

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