Degradation of Glaukonite Sandstone as a Result of Alkali-Silica Reactions in Cement Mortar

Czapik, Przemysław

doi:10.3390/ma11060924

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In view of that, the borosilicate glass is used as a reference aggregate for tests [5,6]. In research practice, the opal aggregate composed of amorphous silica [7][8][9][10] is used more often than other, less reactive, types of aggregate to investigate concrete degradation due to ASR [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because waste glass, unlike glass fibres deliberately manufactured for use in concrete, is not coated to counteract ASR [31]. Degradation of the cement composite with waste glass is not the rule, although the results of standard expansion tests often indicate an increased different products are identified [12,46]. They may take various forms of loose gels with a "house of cards" [27,47] structure or sword-like or rosette-like morphologies [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructure and Degradation of Mortar Containing Waste Glass Aggregate as Evaluated by Various Microscopic Techniques

Czapik

2020

Materials

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The primary aim of this article is to focus on the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in mortar specimens containing coloured waste glass used as an aggregate. Mortar expansion was measured using the ASTM C 1260 accelerated test procedure until the specimens disintegrated. Special attention was paid to the microscopic examination of the damaged mortar. Various methods were used for this purpose, including optical microscopy in reflected and transmitted light with one and two crossed polarizers. The specimens were also subjected to the scanning electron microscopy observations with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The data obtained from these techniques provided information on the mechanism of glass-containing mortar degradation due to ASR and also allowed the comparison of different microscopic techniques in terms of the information they can provide on ASR occurrence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Degradation of Mortar Containing Waste Glass Aggregate as Evaluated by Various Microscopic Techniques

Czapik

2020

Materials

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“…However, in previous studies, the expansion of carbonate aggregates was attributed to dedolomitization [96][97][98]. Although sedimentary aggregates have a small amount of silica, research studies have shown that they can undergo ASR, which is due mainly to the presence of a small-to-appreciable amount of reactive silica [24,99]. In some non-siliceous carbonate rocks, even with low silica content, the alkali-silica reaction can occur [24,94], which was observed in the tested Bathurst limestone aggregate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reaction Potential in Aggregates from Iran and Australia Using Thin-Section Petrography and Expansion Testing

et al. 2022

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The alkali–silica reaction can shorten concrete life due to expansive pressure build-up caused by reaction by-products, resulting in cracking. Understanding the role of the aggregate, as the main reactive component, is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms of the alkali–silica reaction and thereby reducing, or even preventing, any potential damage. The present study aims to investigate the role of petrographic studies along with accelerated tests in predicting and determining the potential reactivity of aggregates, including granite, rhyodacite, limestone, and dolomite, with different geological characteristics in concrete. This study was performed under accelerated conditions in accordance with the ASTM C1260 and ASTM C1293 test methods. The extent of the alkali–silica reaction was assessed using a range of microanalysis techniques including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction. The results showed that a calcium-rich aggregate with only a small quantity of siliceous component but with a higher porosity and water adsorption rate can lead to degradation due to the alkali–silica reaction, while dolomite aggregate, which is commonly considered a reactive aggregate, showed no considerable expansion during the conducted tests. The results also showed that rhyodacite samples, due to their glassy texture, the existence of strained quartz and quartz with undulatory extinction, as well as the presence of weathering minerals, have a higher alkali-reactivity potential than granite samples.

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“…The fragmentation of the aggregate can increase the availability of aggressive ions to silica, accelerating its reaction, while larger grains probably react more slowly. As Czapik pointed out, in an analysis of the reaction of alkalis with polymineral aggregate, that the migration of alkalis in the hardened cement paste and aggregate matrix should be considered [34]. One should not overlook the changes in gel properties caused by the exchange of Na + and K + ions for Ca 2+ ions, depending on the diffusion rate of these ions.…”

Section: Macroscopic and Microscopic Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Aggregate Grain Size on ASR-Induced Expansion

Zapała-Sławeta

2023

Materials

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Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a sequence of complex chemical processes, resulting in the formation of alkali silica gels with high swelling ability. ASR leads to the expansion of concrete and the degradation of its microstructure. The susceptibility of aggregates to alkali reaction depends, among other factors, on the type and origin of the aggregate, the presence of reactive forms of silica, the mineral composition, and the geometric properties of the aggregate, such as shape and grain size. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the grain size of polymineral post-glacial gravel aggregate, originating from the northern regions of Poland, on its susceptibility to ASR. The expansion of mortars made from polymineral aggregate and the cracking of grains and cement matrix due to the occurring reactions were analyzed. Based on the conducted research, it was observed that the expansion of mortars depends on the grain size of the aggregate. It was demonstrated that the fraction of reactive aggregate generating the most significant elongation of mortars is in the range of 1.0–2.0 mm. The reaction of silica with alkalis continued until the depletion of reactive components in the aggregate. The relationship between the progress of corrosive processes and the grain size of the aggregate was evident in the form of different linear elongation increments of mortars over time. The expansion of mortars was caused by the swelling ASR gel, inducing stress in the grain and the surrounding cementitious paste.

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Degradation of Glaukonite Sandstone as a Result of Alkali-Silica Reactions in Cement Mortar

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Microstructure and Degradation of Mortar Containing Waste Glass Aggregate as Evaluated by Various Microscopic Techniques

Microstructure and Degradation of Mortar Containing Waste Glass Aggregate as Evaluated by Various Microscopic Techniques

Assessment of Alkali–Silica Reaction Potential in Aggregates from Iran and Australia Using Thin-Section Petrography and Expansion Testing

Impact of Aggregate Grain Size on ASR-Induced Expansion

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