Degradation of high energetic and insensitive munitions compounds by Fe/Cu bimetal reduction

Koutsospyros, Agamemnon; Pavlov, Julius; Fawcett, Jacqueline; Strickland, D; Smolinski, Benjamin; Braida, Washington

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.048

Cited by 94 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The DNAN solutions in both MHRW and ultrapure water prepared using sonication resulted in slight yellowing of the solution, whereas the magnetically stirred method produced colorless solutions. This color change occurred in both water sources and may indicate the presence of numerous breakdown products, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, which is known to be produced from DNAN by alkaline hydrolysis (Hill et al 2012;Koutsospyros et al 2012). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since DNP was identified as a potential breakdown product (Hill et al 2012;Koutsospyros et al 2012), a comparison of spectra was performed at various concentrations of DNP to examine peak positioning and peak magnitudes relative to DNAN. The resulting spectra (Figures 1, 2) for DNP produced peaks at 360 nm with slightly higher absorbance values than those seen at equivalent concentrations of DNAN (0.78 absorbance units for DNP compared to 0.70 for DNAN at nominal concentrations of 12.5 mgL, or 6.31E-5 mol/L).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Rapid Spectrophotometric Screening Method for 2,4-dinitroanisole in Laboratory Water

Lounds¹,

Kennedy²,

Poda³

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE:High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are most commonly used for the measurement of the insensitive munition constituent 2,4 dinitroanisole (DNAN). These methods require investments in equipment, supplies, labor, and training. A screening method was investigated and validated as a low-cost alternative for ecotoxicology testing to quickly quantify DNAN in solution using commonly available instrumentation. This new method uses a spectrophotometer, measuring absorbance in the ultraviolet range. Simple standard curves are employed to determine concentrations of DNAN. Consistently accurate concentrations were validated by HPLC and GC methods. Additionally, the presence of DNAN breakdown products can be observed. INTRODUCTION:Insensitive munitions containing the constituent 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) are being pursued as safer, more stable alternatives to traditional munitions such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) (Boddu et al. 2009;Kennedy et al. 2013). Current methods for quantifying DNAN in solution require high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). Although these techniques are effective, a reliable, higher throughput, lower-cost, and more accessible screening detection method was desired for ecotoxicology testing. Such a method would benefit laboratory toxicological assessments, which require stock concentration validation, verification of serial dilution concentrations, and a means to rapidly assess compound stability over time.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Spectrophotometric Screening Method for 2,4-dinitroanisole in Laboratory Water

Lounds¹,

Kennedy²,

Poda³

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides nZVI, agarose stabilized nZVIs and natural/synthetic goethite ZVI been applied successfully for removal of heavy metals from surface and subsurface water sources (Table 1). Similarly, bi-metallic nanoparticles Ag/Fe; Ni/Fe; Cu/Fe were applied for detoxification of water bodies from pollutants like heavy metals, hexachlorobenzenes, chlorinated and explosive compounds (Koutsospyros et al, 2012;Nie et al, 2013;Yan et al, 2010). Bimetallic core shell Fe/Ni and Fe/Pd Nps have been immobilized in Polyacrylic acid/ Polyvinylidene fluoride membrane matrix and used for the complete dechlorination of toxic chlorinated organic compounds (Xu and Bhattacharyya, 2005).…”

Section: Nanoparticles and Environmental Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles for environmental clean-up: A review of potential risks and emerging solutions

Patil

Shedbalkar

Truskewycz

et al. 2016

Environmental Technology & Innovation

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In recent years, chemical decomposition of deactivating an explosive composition using a chemical have been widely reported, which method comprises exposing the explosive composition to a deactivating agent that renders the explosive composition insensitive to detonation [2][3][4][5][6][7] . Bioremediation of explosives has been reported to be a potential alternative remediation technology for explosives [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of BI-Pb-Sn-Cd Alloy in Self-neutralisation Mechanism for Sub-munitions

Qingyan

Zhang

2015

DSJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unexploded sub munitions for military operations posed economic loss and health hazard. The need for unexploded sub munitons to be rendered safe after a certain period of time was of importance to the militaty. In this work, a self-neutralizing sub-component using soft metal penetration principle was developed and incorporated to the existing sub munitions so as to include a self-neutralizing feature in such sub munitions. This study was also conducted to determine the potential to use a steel wire to cut BI-Pb-Sn-Cd alloy at different temperatures (-40 °C  40 °C). The effect of temperature on neutralisation time was evaluated in experiments. The experimental results indicated that the neutralisation time was dependent on temperature of soft metal and decreased with increasing temperature. While BI-Pb-Sn-Cd alloy with thickness of 0.75±0.01 mm and height of 2.40 ±0.02 mm was cut by steel wire with a diameter of 0.12 mm, self-neutrlisation of sub munitions was completed ranging from 1 min 5 s to 143 h 2 min. It was concluded that self-neutralisation based on BI-Pb-Sn-Cd alloy could meet its setting requirements in the battlefield, and its failure rate reached less than 10 per cent between -40 °C and 40 °C, and the self-neutralisation time could be adjusted by the size of soft metal.

show abstract

Degradation of high energetic and insensitive munitions compounds by Fe/Cu bimetal reduction

Cited by 94 publications

References 20 publications

A Rapid Spectrophotometric Screening Method for 2,4-dinitroanisole in Laboratory Water

A Rapid Spectrophotometric Screening Method for 2,4-dinitroanisole in Laboratory Water

Nanoparticles for environmental clean-up: A review of potential risks and emerging solutions

Use of BI-Pb-Sn-Cd Alloy in Self-neutralisation Mechanism for Sub-munitions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About