Degradation of ibuprofen by photo-based advanced oxidation processes: exploring methods of activation and related reaction routes

Abstract

Several homogeneous photo-based advanced oxidation processes-namely photolysis, photo-oxidation, and photo-Fenton oxidation-were investigated for the elimination of ibuprofen in water. The effects of several operating parameters, such as the lamp type (low or medium pressure mercury, xenon-arc), the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.5 to 7 times the stoichiometric amount required for mineralization), and the concentration of Fenton reagent, were quantified. Photo-Fenton oxidation was also combined with low-frequency sonication to investigate possible synergistic interactions. Ibuprofen degradation under ultraviolet photolysis and ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide oxidation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to the pollutant concentration and the apparent rate constant increased with lamp power (6-10 W) and oxidant concentration. Photo-Fenton oxidation under ultraviolet light (L1 lamp, 254 nm, 6 W) and visible light (L2 lamp, 360-740 nm, 150 W) led to complete ibuprofen removal after 3 h, but the mineralization yield of the L1/Fenton process (82%) was higher than that of the L2/Fenton process (59%) because of the effects of ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide oxidation in the former. Coupling L2/Fenton with sonication improved the degradation rate of the molecule at low Fenton reagent concentration, but the beneficial effect of ultrasound on ferrous iron regeneration vanished when the iron to ibuprofen molar ratio was close to 1. An overall reaction scheme for ibuprofen degradation is proposed based on the transformation products detected during these processes.

Comparative study of degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products in wastewater by advanced oxidation processes: Fenton, UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2

“…It was determined that all PPCPs degraded according to pseudo‐first‐order kinetics in the Fenton process. [ 59 ] Similar to this study, studies have generally shown that CBZ, [ 60 ] DFC, [ 61 ] IBU, [ 62 ] PRC, [ 63 ] and TRC [ 64 ] exhibit pseudo‐first‐order kinetics of photodegradation. The degradation rates for UV/H 2 O 2 and UV/TiO 2 processes demonstrated a proportional increase with the quantity of H 2 O 2 , and TiO 2 added to the solution.…”

“…It was determined that all PPCPs degraded according to pseudofirst-order kinetics in the Fenton process. [59] Similar to this study, studies have generally shown that CBZ, [60] DFC, [61] IBU, [62] PRC, [63] and TRC [64] exhibit pseudo-first-order kinetics of photodegradation.…”

Potential Residual Toxicity of the Ibuprofen Oxidative Degradation Products by HPLC–MS and Principal Component Analysis

“…Moreover, to cope with the ever-increasing needs of the world's population, an enormous intensification has transpired in the industrial and agricultural sectors, escalating the gravity of the situation. 1 These sectors are not only consuming gigantic amounts of water resources but are also greatly affecting the quality of the aquifers. 2 Water pollution is a serious challenge due to the release of a variety of contaminants.…”

Removal of Organics from Landfill Leachate by Heterogeneous Fenton-like Oxidation over Copper-Based Catalyst

“…These processes typically rely on the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (OH), which in turn attack the organics, resulting in being extremely effective for their abatement [14]. There are various types of AOPs that can be successfully applied for the liquid waste treatment, such as Fenton, Fenton-like, ozonation, as well as electrochemical and photochemical technologies [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; however, their effectiveness depends upon their ability to generate oxidizing species. The conventional Fenton process is the most widely used AOP because of its simplicity and economic feasibility, but there are several drawbacks associated with this process.…”