Degradation of naphthenic acid model compounds in aqueous solution by UV activated persulfate: Influencing factors, kinetics and reaction mechanisms

Persulfate Oxidation Coupled with Biodegradation by Pseudomonas fluorescens Enhances Naphthenic Acid Remediation and Toxicity Reduction

“…How this applies to unactivated persulfate reactivity with OSPW NAFC is uncertain. Unactivated persulfate has been shown to preferentially react with n = 12–14 and O 2 − species in OSPW NAFCs [ 59 ], which are present in Merichem NAs, compared to activated persulfate, which is more reactive towards higher carbon numbers and ring containing NAFCs not found in commercial NA mixtures [ 52 , 54 ].…”

“…Xu et al [ 47 ] found that 0.5–10 g/L of bicarbonate had a negligible effect on model NA degradation by heat-activated persulfate. However, chloride ions can also act as oxidant scavengers and have been shown to negatively impact model NA degradation by persulfate in concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 50 g/L [ 47 , 52 ]. BH media contains only 0.3 g/L of chloride, while OSPW commonly contains up to 0.6 g/L [ 3 ], which may affect persulfate oxidation.…”

“…To date, no studies have examined coupling persulfate oxidation and biodegradation for NA removal and OSPW toxicity reduction. Persulfate oxidation alone for NA removal has demonstrated positive results using activation methods such as ultraviolet (UV) [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], heat [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], and iron [ 38 , 58 ]. In addition, activated persulfate has been shown to be more effective than hydrogen peroxide and chlorine [ 51 , 54 ].…”

“…Some studies have suggested that unactivated persulfate is not reactive with NAs [ 51 , 52 ]. However, the short time frame of these studies (minutes–hours) would be insufficient for an unactivated persulfate reaction, which requires anywhere from days to months [ 38 , 59 ].…”

Photodegradation of micropollutants in water by UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate

“…The activity database, namely the second-order degradation rate constants between micropollutants and radicals ( and ), was obtained from published literatures and transformed logarithmically. The transformed and values range from 2.3 ×10 7 to 3.15 ×10 10 M -1 s -1 and 1.4× 10 4 to 8.12 × 10 10 M -1 s -1 , respectively (Appendix 13) (Acero et al, 2018;Borhani et al, 2016;Buxton et al, 1988;Chen et al, 2015Chen et al, , 2018Chu et al, 2016;Criquet and Leitner, 2015;Deshpande et al, 2004;Duan et al, 2017;Fang et al, 2018;Gao et al, 2015;Haag and David Yao, 1992;He et al, 2013;Ismail et al, 2017;Khan et al, 2017;Lian et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2015;Lu et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2019Luo et al, , 2016Lutze et al, 2015;Mahdi-Ahmed and Chiron, 2014;Nihemaiti et al, 2018;Ocampo-Pérez et al, 2010;Rickman and Mezyk, 2010;Shah et al, 2013;Song et al, 2008;Toth et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2017;Ye et al, 2017b;R. Zhang et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2017bZhou et al, , 2017a.…”