Degradation of organochlorine insecticides in flooded soils in the Philippines

Heptachlor and Its Metabolite: Accumulation and Degradation in Sediment

“…Degradation of -and -HCH in the soil slurry by Siddique et al [57] showed that the soil:water ratio significantly decreased the rate of degradation at 4 weeks of chemical incubation. In addition, the study of Castro and Yoshida [64] found that heptachlor had degraded readily in flooded soil than under upland conditions. The fate of heptachlor in the environment is influenced by environmental factors including soil/water ratio.…”

Biodegradation of DIMP, Dieldrin, Isodrin, DBCP, and PCPMSO in Rocky Mountain Arsenal Soils. Installation Restoration Program, Environmental Technology Development

“…Dieldrin has been found to be extremely persistent in soils under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Castro and Yoshida, 1971;Spangord et al, 1977) and was not biodegraded in standard screening tests or in river waters (Tabak, 1981;Eichelberger and Lichtenberg, 1981;Sharom, 1980). Nash and Woolson (1967) conducted a field study to determine the persistence of dieldrin in Congaree sandy loam soil.…”

“…Partial degradation of cyclodienes has been observed under some field conditions; aldrin disappeared more rapidly in upland soil conditions than in flooded conditions (Castro and Yoshida, 1971).…”

“…Endrin was also persistent in flooded soils, with the exception of Casiguian soil (Castro and Yoshida, 1971). …”

Metabolism of &gamma;-hexachlorocyclohexane by <i>Arthrobacter citreus</i> strain BI-100: Identification of metabolites

“…Several reports are available on the degradation of g-HCH (Castro and Yoshida, 1971;Sethunathan, 1973;Sethunathan et al, 1983) by anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium species and Citrobacter freundii (Jagnow et al, 1977;MacRae et al, 1969;Ohisa and Yamaguchi, 1978). The pathways of degradation of g-HCH by these bacteria have also been worked out (Heritage and MacRae, 1977a, b;Jagnow et al, 1977;Ohisa et al, 1980Ohisa et al, , 1982.…”