Degradation of persistent pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions by a positive dielectric barrier discharge treatment

Degradation of pharmaceutical compounds in water by non-thermal plasma treatment

“…Although the treatment time needed to achieve over 90% removal rate of carbamazepine and iopromide is two times higher (60 min), the energy yield is enhanced in this configuration as compared to the previous one. The most significant improvement in efficiency is observed for the degradation of clofibric acid, where the energy yield is 17.2 Â 10 À3 g/kWh (22.3 Â 10 À12 mol/J) in the DBD over the inclined plane (Krause et al, 2009) and 86 Â 10 À3 g/kWh (0.11 Â 10 À9 mol/J) in the rotating drum reactor (Krause et al, 2011). Unfortunately, information on the degradation products, mineralization of the target compounds, or at least the chlorine balance is not provided.…”

“…Almost complete removal of this pharmaceutical is obtained after only 10 min plasma exposure, resulting in an energy yield of 0.40 g/kWh (0.14 Â 10 À9 mol/J), which is more than twice the value achieved by Krause et al (2011) in the rotating drum reactor. Mineralization does not occur during this short treatment time, however deiodination of the target molecule is indicated by the presence of iodine ions in the treated solutions.…”

“…In an attempt to improve the efficiency, the authors designed another reactor (Fig. 3) with a rotating drum as ground electrode coated with aluminum oxide (Krause et al, 2011).…”

“…In most studies the plasma is generated in gas phase in contact with a thin layer of liquid, using either dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) (Krause et al, 2009(Krause et al, , 2011Liu et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2013;Magureanu et al, 2010Magureanu et al, , 2011Magureanu et al, , 2013 or corona discharges (Dobrin et al, , 2014Gerrity et al, 2010;Gur-Reznik et al, 2011;Rong and Sun, 2013;Zeng et al, 2015), but the introduction of liquid droplets in the plasma zone is also reported (Panorel et al, 2013a,b).…”

A Review of Combined Advanced Oxidation Technologies for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water

“…With prolong discharge to 120 min, 86 % degradation was achieved leaving behind 14 % of the initial carbons. In a related study, Krause et al (2011) reported the removal of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and iopromide in aqueous solution using corona discharge containing with two-barrier electrodes above a rotating drum that acts as the counter electrode. In fact, in a single solution with a power output of 500 W, the removal of clofibric acid was below the detection limit after 30 min of treatment time, while carbamazepine and iopromide removal was between 94 and 98 % after 60 min.…”