Degradation of thiram in water, soil and plants: a study by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Gupta, Bharat; Rani, Manviri; Kumar, Rahul

doi:10.1002/bmc.1627

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When compared with those different traditional complicated and timeconsuming methods such as chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence analysis (Gupta et al 2012;Rastegarzadeh et al 2013;Queffelec et al 2001;Waseem et al 2010), the analytical method based on SERS technique is promising as it can be used for rapid detection of trace thiram. Figure 7 shows the Raman spectra of thiram in ethanol with concentrations decreasing from 1 9 10 -3 to 1 9 10 -7 M using the FSA composites as SERS substrate.…”

Section: Sers Detection Of Thirammentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of cube-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag nanocomposites with high SERS activity and their application in pesticide detection

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2016

J Nanopart Res

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The cube-like Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @Ag (FSA) nanocomposites with great SERS activity have been successfully synthesized by a layer-by-layer procedure in this paper. The cube-like Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 coreshell structures were prepared via a new route and Ag nanoparticles were introduced onto their surface through a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. By controlling the reaction time, the coverage rate of Ag on the FSA surface could be tuned, and then a series of FSA composites were obtained. The SERS properties of these FSA composites were investigated using paminothiophenol (p-ATP) as the probe molecule. It was found that the FSA composites synthesized with a reaction time of 6 h showed the best SERS performance, and the detection limit for p-ATP could reach 1 9 10 -7 M. For practical application, the FSA composites were also used to detect thiram, one of the dithiocarbamate fungicides that has been widely used as a pesticide in agriculture. The detection limit is as low as 1 9 10 -6 M (0.24 ppm), lower than the maximal residue limit of 7 ppm in fruit prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The resulting substrate with high SERS activity, stability and strong magnetic responsivity makes the FSA composite a perfect choice for practical SERS detection applications.

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Section: Sers Detection Of Thirammentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of cube-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag nanocomposites with high SERS activity and their application in pesticide detection

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2016

J Nanopart Res

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“…Several procedures for the extraction of the pesticide from water were tried and ethyl acetate was found as the most suitable extractant for water with the recoveries of 90 ± 5%. [12] In brief, the spiked water sample (4 mL) was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 mL×2). The ethylacetate layer was separated and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated using a rotary evaporatar for further analysis.…”

Section: Degradation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that temperature, pH and field conditions play an important role in the decomposition of thiram . [12] In view of this a composite systematic study has been carried out on the degradation of thiram in soil (pH 5.1 and 8.1), water (pH 5.5 and 8) at constant temperature 28 ± 2 • C and on/in plants. Based on the identification of byproducts metabolic pathways have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of degradation products of thiram in water, soil and plants using LC-MS technique

Gupta

Rani

Kumar

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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In order to evaluate the deleterious effects of exposure to pesticides on a target population, a comprehensive study on their degradation in the various segments of ecosystem under varying environmental conditions is needed. In view of this, a study has been carried out on the metabolic pathways of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, in a variety of matrices namely water and soil under controlled conditions and plants in field conditions. The identification of degradation products was carried out in samples collected at various time points using LC-MS. The degradation products identified can be rationalized as originating by a variety of processes like hydrolysis, oxidation, N-dealkylation and cyclization. As a result of these processes the presence of some metabolites like dimethyl dithiocarbamate, bis(dimethyl carbamoyl) disulphide, bis(dimethyl dithiocarbamoyl) trisulphide and N-methyl-amino-dithiocarbamoyl sulphide was observed in all the cases. However, some different metabolites were observed with the change in the matrix or its characteristics such as cyclised products 2(N, N-dimethyl amino)thiazoline carboxylic acid and 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidine were observed only in plants. The investigations reflect that degradation initiates with hydrolysis, subsequently oxidation/dealkylation, followed by different types of reactions. The pathways seem to be complex and dependent on the matrices. Dimethyl dithiocarbamate and oxon metabolites, which are more toxic than parent compound, seem to persist for a longer time. Results indicate persistence vis-a-vis toxicity of pesticide and its metabolites and also provide a data bank of metabolites for forensic and epidemiological investigations.

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“…The maximum and minimum air temperatures recorded were 28.4 and 25.9 °C, respectively, and the mean humidity level was 80%. It was reported that the dissipation of thiram depended on the nature of the medium and environmental conditions such as temperature and pH (Gupta et al, 2012b).…”

Section: Dissipation Kinetics Of Thirammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One previous study on the thiram degradation was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions (Gupta et al, 2012b). Very recently, Liu et al (2015) reported thiram dissipation and residual levels for potato cultivation in the open field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on the dissipation of thiram in two type of soils at oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) nursery

Maznah

Muhamad

Sahid

et al. 2018

Chil. j. agric. res.

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The dithiocarbamate fungicide thiram is extensively used in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) nurseries for protecting oil palm seedlings from diseases caused by Melanconium, Glomerella and Rhizoctonia sp. The factors affecting thiram dissipation were studied under tropical conditions at two experimental sites situated in oil palm nurseries with two soil types namely: Clay loam and sandy clay loam. The field experimental plots were treated with thiram at two dosages (using the knapsack sprayers) (1) at the recommended dosage (25.6 g ai plot -1 ) and (2) at double the recommended dosage (51.2 g ai plot -1 ). Thiram residue was detected in the sandy clay loam and clay loam soils on treatment day (0 day) and from 1 to 3 d after treatment (DAT), respectively. The level of residue detected increased in soil depth. The results demonstrated that thiram dissipation was influenced by soil properties such as organic matter and clay content, and preferential flow was found to be the main pathway of thiram in the soil profile. The dissipation of thiram residue was observed in both the clay loam and sandy clay loam soils, to the depth of 50 and 30 cm of the soil profile, respectively, and the half-life was found to be less than 1 d. These findings suggest that thiram is safe for use as a foliar application on oil palm seedlings due to its short life span in the soil and its low risk potential for groundwater contamination.

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Degradation of thiram in water, soil and plants: a study by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Fabrication of cube-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag nanocomposites with high SERS activity and their application in pesticide detection

Fabrication of cube-like Fe3O4@SiO2@Ag nanocomposites with high SERS activity and their application in pesticide detection

Identification of degradation products of thiram in water, soil and plants using LC-MS technique

Comparative study on the dissipation of thiram in two type of soils at oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) nursery

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