Degradation of TNT, RDX, and TATP using Microscale Mechanically Alloyed Bimetals

Fidler, Rebecca; Legron, Tamra; Carvalho-Knighton, Kathleen M.; Geiger, Cherie L.; Sigman, Michael E.; Clausen, Christian A.

doi:10.1021/bk-2009-1027.ch007

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“…The primary and secondary (catalyst) metal form a galvanic cell, which facilitates electron transfer. For example, remediation of wastewaters contaminated with TNT (Fidler et al 2010), RDX (Krzmarzick et al 2015;Koutsospyros et al 2012;Wanaratna et al 2006;Gilbert & Sale 2005) and trichloroethylene (TCE) (Chao et al 2012;Kim & Carraway 2003;Liang et al 1997) demonstrated that iron-based bimetal systems had much higher reactivity than just zero-valent iron. The nature of the transformation with bimetals suggests sequential but direct surface-mediated reduction pathways which can be modeled by pseudo-first-order kinetics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characteristics and products of the reductive degradation of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) in a Fe-Cu bimetal system

Kitcher

Braida

Koutsospyros

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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It has been shown previously that, under acidic conditions, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) degrade in the presence of iron/copper bimetal particles; the reactions can be modeled by pseudo-first-order kinetics. This study investigates the reaction mechanisms of the degradation processes under different conditions. Batch studies were conducted using laboratory-prepared solutions and an industrial insensitive munition-laden (IMX) wastewater. The influence of parameters such as initial pH of the solution, copper/iron (Fe-Cu) contact, and solid/liquid ratio were systematically investigated to assess their impact on the reaction kinetics. These parameters were subsequently incorporated into pseudo-first-order decomposition models for NTO and DNAN. The activation energies for the degradation reactions were 27.40 and 30.57 kJ mol, respectively. Degradation intermediates and products were identified. A nitro-to-amino pathway, which ultimately may lead to partial mineralization, is postulated. The amino intermediate, aminonitroanisole, was detected during DNAN degradation, but for NTO, aminotiazolone is suggested. Additionally, urea was identified as a degradation product of NTO.

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